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Biology Semester 2 > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

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1
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribose, Nucleic, Acid

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2
Q

What is Deoxyribose?

A

Sugar without oxygen

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3
Q

What is Nucleic Acid?

A

Storage info

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4
Q

What is DNA?

A

The main molecule of life

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5
Q

What are the 2 main functions of DNA?

A
  1. Carries the code of life

2. Makes proteins

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6
Q

Who discovered DNA?

A

The structure was discovered in 1953 by 2 scientists: James Watson and Francis crick

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7
Q

What is the shape of DNA?

A

Double Helix

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8
Q

What are Neuclotides?

A

Basic structural units of DNA and consist of 3 things…

  1. Phosphate
  2. Sugar (deoxyribose)
  3. Nitrogen base (can be Pyrimidine or Purine)
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9
Q

What are the Nitrogen bases?

A 
Purine= Adenine + Guanine
Pyrimidine= Thymine + cytosine
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10
Q

What are Nitrogen bases attached to?

A

Deoxyribose

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11
Q

What do Hydrogen bonds do?

A

connect everything together

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12
Q

What do Nitrogen bases do?

A

Carrie code

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13
Q

DNA replication…

A

DNA makes a copy of itself

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14
Q

What does a gene do in protein synthesis?

A

carries the code for making protein

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15
Q

What is a Ribosome?

A

Site of protein synthesis

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16
Q

What is RNA?

A

Ribose, Nucleic, Acid

17
Q

What is the difference between RNA and DNA?

A
  1. Single stranded
  2. Uracil instead of thymine
  3. Ribose instead of deoxyribose
18
Q

What are the steps of protein synthesis?

A

step 1 Transcription:

  • mRNA (messenger RNA) goes into the nucleus and copies the DNA
  • mRNA then moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm

Step 2 Translation:

  • mRNA attaches to ribosomes
  • tRNA consists of 3 Nitrogen bases (anti-codon)
  • tRNA lines up with 3 bases in mRNA (codon)
  • tRNA drops off amino acid in the correct spot where needed
19
Q

What do Amino Acids make…

A

Protein

20
Q

What are Mutations?

A

Any change in the DNA structure (specifically the order of nitrogen bases)

21
Q

What is a Mutagen?

A

Something that causes mutations in DNA Ex: Smoking, UV Radiation

22
Q

Can Mutations be Helpful, Harmful, and Neutral?

A

Helpful: create diversity
Neutral: No effect
Harmful: Cause cancers

23
Q

Insertion

A

Nitrogen base added to existing DNA

24
Q

Deletion

A

Nitrogen base subtracted from DNA

25
Q

Substitution

A

Nitrogen base replaces another

26
Q

What is mRNA?

A

Copies DNA and goes to nucleus

27
Q

What is tRNA?

A

Matches mRNA, makes protein

28
Q

What is Transcription?

A

DNA moves from nucleus to cytoplasm

29
Q

What is Translation?

A

Carries amino acids, moves Ribosomes to where its needed.

30
Q

What happens to ribosomes, and where are ribosomes located in a cell?

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum, create proteins

Biology Semester 2 (2 decks)

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