DNA Flashcards
What are nucleotides made up of?
Phosphate, Deoxyribose Sugar and one of the four bases
Name the four bases
Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C)
What are the complementary bases
Adenine and Thymine come together to make (A-T)
Guanine and Cytosine come together to make (G-C)
How many chromosomes are there in a human cell?
46 chromosomes, 23 pairs
How many chromosomes in an ova or sperm? Or a gamete
23 only one of each pair
What do the initials DNA represent?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
What are the building blocks of DNA and the molecules inside them?
Nucleotides
- Phosphate
- Deoxyribose Sugar
- Base
In what year did scientists know about DNA?
1953
C stands for
Cytosine
G stands for
Guanine
What are the rungs of the ladder made up of
Hydrogen bonds and complementary bases.
What molecules make the upright of the ladder?
Group Phosphate and deoxyribose sugar
What is the molecules upright to which the rungs are joined?
The deoxyriboseSugar
The shape of the DNA is often referred to as a…
Double helix
Where is DNA found?
The nucleus of the cell
How many chromosomes are in the nucleus?
46
What are chromosomes made up of?
Genes
What are genes?
A small piece of DNA that carries the information for a certain trait
T stands for
Thymine
A stands for
Adenine
Nucleotide
The building blocks of DNA
Complementary Base Pairing
A-T G-C
Four scientists who helped discover DNA
Crick
Watson
Franklin
Wilkins
Karyotype
A picture of a person chromosomes. It also contains the number and appearance of a cell.
What is DNA
A compound
How are the bases joined?
By hydrogen bonds
In DNA replication what is a parent strand?
A parent strand is a strand of DNA that breaks of at the origin of replication and duplicates itself.
What was Gregor Mendels contribution to genetics?
He created the basis for the study if modern genetics.
What is a Punnet square?
A Punnet square is a way of displaying all the possible types of offspring.
What is paid attention to when analysing a Karyotype?
Length, position of a centromere, banding pattern and difference between sex cells.
Centromere
Cross section of a chromosome
How many pairs of chromosomes in a human cell?
22 pairs + a pair of sex chromosomes