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biology > Dna > Flashcards

Dna Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

What nucleotides would be in hot areas and why

A

G,c bc they are harder to break than he others and heat breaks bonds

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1
Q

What link joins nucleotides

A

Phosphate link

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2
Q

Which nucleotides are pyrimadines and are they single or double stringed

A

Thymine cytosine single

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3
Q

Is uracil a purine or pyrimadines

A

Pyrimadine

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4
Q

What nucleotides are purines

A

Adenine and guanine

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5
Q

Who is tresslers hero

A

Gregor Mendel pea plant

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6
Q

WhT did Fredrick Griffey prove

A

There was something passed from one generation to the next

Boiling doesn’t get rid of he DNA

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7
Q

What and when was the Oswald Avery experiment

A

1963 proved DNA causes diseases not macromolecules

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8
Q

What and when was the hershy chase experiment

A

1968 used ratio active phosphate and sulfur to be able to track a virus

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9
Q

What is binary fision

A

Asexual reproduction, replicates its genetic material, the cell divides into two nearly equal sized daughter cells.

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10
Q

What does the helicase do and when is it used in DNA replication

A

Step one. Breaks hydrogen bonds between base pairs and unzips DNA

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11
Q

What is SSB and when is it used during DNA replication

A

Single stranded binding proteins used after helicase in step one. Anchors the strands

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12
Q

What is DNA polymerase and when is it used

A

Used in step three. Attaches to DNA strand. Assembles nucleotides

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13
Q

What is DNA primacy and when is it used

A

Step two attaches RNA primers that start replicating DNA

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14
Q

What are Okazaki fragments and when do they occur

A

Made in laying strand bc it isn’t compntinuous

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15
Q

What is DNA replication classifyed as and why is it

A

Semi conservative, half old half new

16
Q

Which direction do the strands replicate

A

Leading- makes in direction it’s unwinding

Lagging- makes ,against direction unwinding

17
Q

What are the stages involves in interphase

A

G-growth
S-synthesis of DNA
G2-second growth phase and checking DNA for replication and damage

18
Q

What happens In the m phase

A

Nuclear division:

Prophase metaphase anaphase telephase

19
Q

What is the product of mitosis

A

2 identical diploid cells

20
Q

What happens in prophase

A

Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
Spindle fibers form
Kinetichore attaches to sister chromatids

21
Q

What happens in metaphase

A

Sister chromatids move to equator of cell

22
Q

What happens in anaphase

A

Spindle fibers shorten
Sister chromatids seperate
Begin to move to opposite ends of cell

23
Q

What happens in telephase

A

Chromatids decondense nucleus forms

New nuclear membrane forms

24
Q

What’s cytokinesis

A

Division of cytoplasm occurs when two new cells form

25
Q

Any cell that’s not a sex cell

A

Somatic cells

26
Q

Only sex cells

A

Gamete

27
Q

What is spermatogenesis

A

Haploid sperm cell formation

28
Q

What’s oogenisis

A

Haploid egg cell formation

29
Q

What is th outcome of meiosis

A

4 unlike haploid cells

30
Q

What does DNA ligase do

A

Fills Okazaki fragments

31
Q

What happens in meiosis prophase one

A

Crossing over occure

32
Q

What happens in meiosis metaphase one

A

Tetrads line up on metaphase plate

33
Q

What happens in meiosis anaphase one

A

Homologous pairs separate and move to opposite ends

34
Q

What does the first division in meiosis do

A

Reduction to haploid

35
Q

What’s the product of spermatogenesis

A

4 cells that all live

36
Q

What’s the product of oogenisis

A

4 cells are produced but only one lives

37
Q

What is a cancer or tumor scientifically speaking

A

Abnormal growth when the cell can’t control itself

38
Q

Why is mitosis important

A

It divides the DNA/chromosomes

biology (4 decks)

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