Dna Flashcards
What nucleotides would be in hot areas and why
G,c bc they are harder to break than he others and heat breaks bonds
What link joins nucleotides
Phosphate link
Which nucleotides are pyrimadines and are they single or double stringed
Thymine cytosine single
Is uracil a purine or pyrimadines
Pyrimadine
What nucleotides are purines
Adenine and guanine
Who is tresslers hero
Gregor Mendel pea plant
WhT did Fredrick Griffey prove
There was something passed from one generation to the next
Boiling doesn’t get rid of he DNA
What and when was the Oswald Avery experiment
1963 proved DNA causes diseases not macromolecules
What and when was the hershy chase experiment
1968 used ratio active phosphate and sulfur to be able to track a virus
What is binary fision
Asexual reproduction, replicates its genetic material, the cell divides into two nearly equal sized daughter cells.
What does the helicase do and when is it used in DNA replication
Step one. Breaks hydrogen bonds between base pairs and unzips DNA
What is SSB and when is it used during DNA replication
Single stranded binding proteins used after helicase in step one. Anchors the strands
What is DNA polymerase and when is it used
Used in step three. Attaches to DNA strand. Assembles nucleotides
What is DNA primacy and when is it used
Step two attaches RNA primers that start replicating DNA
What are Okazaki fragments and when do they occur
Made in laying strand bc it isn’t compntinuous
What is DNA replication classifyed as and why is it
Semi conservative, half old half new
Which direction do the strands replicate
Leading- makes in direction it’s unwinding
Lagging- makes ,against direction unwinding
What are the stages involves in interphase
G-growth
S-synthesis of DNA
G2-second growth phase and checking DNA for replication and damage
What happens In the m phase
Nuclear division:
Prophase metaphase anaphase telephase
What is the product of mitosis
2 identical diploid cells
What happens in prophase
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
Spindle fibers form
Kinetichore attaches to sister chromatids
What happens in metaphase
Sister chromatids move to equator of cell
What happens in anaphase
Spindle fibers shorten
Sister chromatids seperate
Begin to move to opposite ends of cell
What happens in telephase
Chromatids decondense nucleus forms
New nuclear membrane forms
What’s cytokinesis
Division of cytoplasm occurs when two new cells form
Any cell that’s not a sex cell
Somatic cells
Only sex cells
Gamete
What is spermatogenesis
Haploid sperm cell formation
What’s oogenisis
Haploid egg cell formation
What is th outcome of meiosis
4 unlike haploid cells
What does DNA ligase do
Fills Okazaki fragments
What happens in meiosis prophase one
Crossing over occure
What happens in meiosis metaphase one
Tetrads line up on metaphase plate
What happens in meiosis anaphase one
Homologous pairs separate and move to opposite ends
What does the first division in meiosis do
Reduction to haploid
What’s the product of spermatogenesis
4 cells that all live
What’s the product of oogenisis
4 cells are produced but only one lives
What is a cancer or tumor scientifically speaking
Abnormal growth when the cell can’t control itself
Why is mitosis important
It divides the DNA/chromosomes
