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Biology 9 Semester 2 > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

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0
Q

To speed up the process of DNA replication we use what?

A

several replication forks at once

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1
Q

Each step of replication uses what?

A

a different enzyme

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2
Q

simple cell - replication happens at what kind of fork?

A

one replication fork down whole DNA chain

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3
Q

complex cells - replication happens at what kind of fork?

A

many replication forks sitameously

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4
Q

what is a gene?

A

sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and determines a trait

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5
Q

why is transcription necessary?

A

duplicate DNA without removing from nucleus

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6
Q

where does transcription occur

A

nucleus

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7
Q

how is mRNA similar to the DNA it copies?

A

complimentary copy

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8
Q

what is a ribosome?

A

organelle that builds proteins

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9
Q

where does translation occur?

A

ribosomes

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10
Q

what is the purpose of translation?

A

to translate DNA into protein language

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11
Q

what is the name for the nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid?

A

codon

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12
Q

what type of molecule brings the amino acids to the ribosome?

A

tRNA

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13
Q

protein synthesis is the process of what?

A

making protein

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14
Q

proteins are long chains made up of what?

A

amino acids

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15
Q

translation

A

mRNA is read to build proteins by ribosomes

16
Q

AUG means

A

START

17
Q

transcription

A

DNA code is copied onto mRNA in the nucleus

18
Q

mRNA

A

messenger RNA transcribes code from DNA into a form that can be read to make proteins

19
Q

rRNA

A

ribosomal RNA directs the translation of mRNA into proteins

20
Q

tRNA

A

transfer RNA transfers amino acids to ribosomes that join together to make proteins

21
Q

RNA stands for what?

A

RiboNucleic Acid

22
Q

DNA stands for what?

A

DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

23
Q

how many possible codons are there?

A

64

24
Q

3 parts of a nucleotide

A
  • 5 carbon sugar
  • phosphate base
  • one of the nitrogenous bases, GUAC
25
Q

what is point mutation?

A

mutation where one nucleotide is affected

26
Q

what is subsitution?

A

when one nitrogen base (GUAC) is accidentally replaced with another

27
Q

what is a frameshift mutation?

A

a mutation that affects every codon that comes after

28
Q

what is deletion?

A

when a nitrogen base is left out

29
Q

what is an insertion?

A

a mutation where an extra nucleotide is added

30
Q

insertions & selections do what?

A

cause the worst mutations

31
Q

only mutations that happen in the __________ of DNA will have an effect

A

coding section

32
Q

what three external factors can also cause mutations?

A
  • radiation
  • chemicals
  • viruses

Biology 9 Semester 2 (1 decks)

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