DNA

Question 0

To speed up the process of DNA replication we use what?

Answer 0

several replication forks at once

Question 1

Each step of replication uses what?

Answer 1

a different enzyme

Question 2

simple cell - replication happens at what kind of fork?

Answer 2

one replication fork down whole DNA chain

Question 3

complex cells - replication happens at what kind of fork?

Answer 3

many replication forks sitameously

Question 4

what is a gene?

Answer 4

sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and determines a trait

Question 5

why is transcription necessary?

Answer 5

duplicate DNA without removing from nucleus

Question 6

where does transcription occur

Answer 6

nucleus

Question 7

how is mRNA similar to the DNA it copies?

Answer 7

complimentary copy

Question 8

what is a ribosome?

Answer 8

organelle that builds proteins

Question 9

where does translation occur?

Answer 9

ribosomes

Question 10

what is the purpose of translation?

Answer 10

to translate DNA into protein language

Question 11

what is the name for the nucleotides that code for a specific amino acid?

Answer 11

codon

Question 12

what type of molecule brings the amino acids to the ribosome?

Answer 12

tRNA

Question 13

protein synthesis is the process of what?

Answer 13

making protein

Question 14

proteins are long chains made up of what?

Answer 14

amino acids

Question 15

translation

Answer 15

mRNA is read to build proteins by ribosomes

Question 16

AUG means

Answer 16

START

Question 17

transcription

Answer 17

DNA code is copied onto mRNA in the nucleus

Question 18

mRNA

Answer 18

messenger RNA transcribes code from DNA into a form that can be read to make proteins

Question 19

rRNA

Answer 19

ribosomal RNA directs the translation of mRNA into proteins

Question 20

tRNA

Answer 20

transfer RNA transfers amino acids to ribosomes that join together to make proteins

Question 21

RNA stands for what?

Answer 21

RiboNucleic Acid

Question 22

DNA stands for what?

Answer 22

DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

Question 23

how many possible codons are there?

Answer 23

64

Question 24

3 parts of a nucleotide

Answer 24

- 5 carbon sugar - phosphate base - one of the nitrogenous bases, GUAC

Question 25

what is point mutation?

Answer 25

mutation where one nucleotide is affected

Question 26

what is subsitution?

Answer 26

when one nitrogen base (GUAC) is accidentally replaced with another

Question 27

what is a frameshift mutation?

Answer 27

a mutation that affects every codon that comes after

Question 28

what is deletion?

Answer 28

when a nitrogen base is left out

Question 29

what is an insertion?

Answer 29

a mutation where an extra nucleotide is added

Question 30

insertions & selections do what?

Answer 30

cause the worst mutations

Question 31

only mutations that happen in the __________ of DNA will have an effect

Answer 31

coding section

Question 32

what three external factors can also cause mutations?

Answer 32

- radiation - chemicals - viruses