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Living Environment > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

0
Q

When does replication occur?

A

During the interphase of both Mitosis and meiosis

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1
Q

What are the steps in DNA replication?

A
  1. The strand unwinds
  2. The DNA unzips
  3. Complementary bonding of a new strand
  4. Production of 2 new starts of DNA
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2
Q

What is the shape of a DNA molecule?

A

A double helix

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3
Q

What is DNA replication?

A

When a strand of DNA is copied and a new strand of DNA is made

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4
Q

What are the 4 nitrogenous bases found in a DNA molecule?

A

Adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine

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5
Q

How are strands of DNA molecules related?

A

They are complementary

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6
Q

What are the DNA pairing rules?

A

Only Adenine can go with Thymine

Only Cytosine can go with Guanine

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7
Q

What happens when a DNA molecule “unzips”?

A

The hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases break

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8
Q

Are the new strands of DNA identical to the original strand?

A

Yes, or at least they are supposed to be

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9
Q

A child has brown hair and brown eyes. His father has brown hair and blue eyes. His mother has red hair and brown eyes. What is the best explanation do the child having brown hair and brown eyes?

A

The child received genetic information from each parent

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10
Q

Variation in offspring of sexually producing organisms in the direct result of

A

Sorting and recombining of genes

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11
Q

What is a Genetic mutation?

A

Any change in the DNA sequence

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12
Q

What causes mutations?

A

Errors in replication, transcription, cell division, or external agents

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13
Q

What is a mutagen?

A

An agent that causes change in DNA

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14
Q

Give examples of mutagens

A

Radiation, chemicals, and high temperature

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15
Q

What are some forms of radiation?

A

X-Rays, ultraviolet light, and nuclear radiation

16
Q

What are some different types of mutations?

A

Substitute mutation, deletion mutation, insertion mutation, and inversion mutation

17
Q

What is a substitution mutation?

A

When part of one DNA breaks off and is added to a different chromosome in DNA

18
Q

What is a deletion mutation?

A

When part of the DNA chromosome is cut or left out

19
Q

What is insertion mutations?

A

When a piece of DNA chromosome breaks off and reattaches backwards

20
Q

What determines the kind of genes an organism possesses?

A

Sequence of the subunits A, T, C, and G in the DNA of an organism

Living Environment (4 decks)

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