DNA Flashcards
Each nucleotide has three parts:
Phosphate, 5-carbon, nitrogenous base
What are the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA?
Nucleotides
What is the sugar in DNA?
Deoxyribose
What are Chargaff’s base pairing rules?
Adenine=thymine
Cytosine=guanine
What type of bonds hold the A to the T and the C to the G?
Hydrogen bonds
Why and when does DNA need to replicate?
Before the cell divides
What enzyme unwinds and unzips DNA for replication?
Helicases
What enzyme builds the new complementary strand?
Polymerase
To make a protein, DNA must first make messenger RNA. What is this called?
mRNA
Where does transcription occur?
Prokaryotes: the cytoplasm
Eukaryotes: the nucleus
Three letters on mRNA are called:
Codon
Three letters on tRNA are called:
Anticodon
What is a mutation?
A change in the DNA sequence
What is the most damaging type of mutation?
Frame shift
If DNA is moved in a sequence, what type of mutation is this?
Frame shift
