DNA Flashcards
What are the 4 nitrogen bases?
A, G, T, C
What is the full name of the nitrogen bases?
adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine
What does the Phosphate backbone do in DNA?
Give shape and structure to the DNA and also supports the nitrogen bases
What are the two sex cells (gametes)?
Sperm and Egg
Why is Meiosis sexual reproduction?
Meiosis creates a varied offspring
Why is Mitosis asexual reproduction?
Mitosis creates a identical offspring
What is the first step of Mitosis?
Making an identical copy of the chromosomes
What is an allele?
Gene variant
What are the two types of alleles?
Dominant and Recessive
What is a genotype?
Genetic makeup
What are the three types of genotypes?
Homozygous Dominant
Homozygous Recessive
Heterozygous
How many individual chromosomes do humans have?
46
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
23
What is homozygous dominant?
Two dominant alleles
What does ‘homo’ mean?
Same
What is homozygous recessive?
Two recessive alleles
What is heterozygous?
One dominant and one recessive allele
What does ‘hetero’ mean?
Different
What is phenotype?
A trait you receive depending on your genotype
What is an example of a genotype that would stop you from getting a phenotype?
Homozygous Recessive
What is a punnett square’s purpose?
Used to predict the possibility of the offspring receiving a phenotype and what genotype they might have
What is a Genome?
The place where all the genetic information for an organism is
What does the phrase ‘Crossing Over’ mean?
Genes “mixing up” and the resulting gamete becoming genetically varied from the original cell
What is the first step of Meiosis?
The germ cell drives the 46 individual chromosomes, now only has 23 individual, so that when it combines with the other germ cell, the new cell only has 23 pairs/46 individual.
Is genetic mutation positive, negative, or neutral? Why?
It’s is all of the above
Because………
if its is positive it means you are protected from SCA (sickle cell anemia), if it is negative it mean you have SCA, and if it is neutral it means it doesn’t affect you
What is the definition of genetic mutation and what does it do?
During Mitosis when one of the cells doesn’t make an exact copy properly and some of the chromosome is missing
What is happening when a gene substitutes, deletes, inserts, or shifts?
Genetic Mutation
What is the reason that each gamete has 23 chromosomes? Why is it important?
There can only be 23 chromosomes because the gamete will combine with another gamete and create a cell that has 23 pairs (or 46) of chromosomes, the correct number for life to flourish
What is the function of DNA
Coding instructions/information for the body
What does the A in DNA stand for?
ACID
What does the D is DNA stand for?
deoxyribose
DEE_OKKSEE_RYBOSEE
What does the N is DNA stand for?
nucleic
NEW_CLETIAC
What is the main point of Meiosis?
To divide the chromosomes and end up with gametes that only have 23 chromosomes
What is the shape of the DNA strand?
Double Helix
What is the effect of Miosis on the human body
Growth
