DNA Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribose nucleic acid
Why is DNA important?
Holds all our genetic information, needed for our development, function, and reproduction.
Where is DNA located?
In the nucleus of cells.
What is the shape of DNA?
Double helix shape, like a twisted ladder.
What are the sides of the DNA ladder made up of?
Sugar and phosphate groups.
What are the rungs of the DNA ladder made up of?
Nitrogenous bases.
What holds the nitrogenous bases together?
Weak hydrogen bonds.
How many bases does DNA consist of?
DNA consists of 4 bases.
Name the 4 bases of DNA.
- Adenine
- Thymine
- Cytosine
- Guanine
What is the complementary base pairing for Adenine?
Adenine - Thymine → A-T
What is the complementary base pairing for Cytosine?
Cytosine - Guanine → C-G
What is a nucleotide made up of?
- Phosphate
- Sugar
- Base
What are chromosomes?
Thread-like structures made up of DNA that carry genetic information.
What shape do chromosomes take?
In a coiled shape.
What connects two chromatids together?
Centromere.
What are homologous chromosomes?
Chromosome pairs of approximately the same length and centromere position.
From whom is one homologous chromosome inherited?
One homologous chromosome is inherited from the mother and the other from the father.
Fill in the blank: A _______ is a segment of DNA that contains genetic information.
gene
Fill in the blank: An _______ is a variant form of a gene.
allele
True or False: The centromere is the part of a chromosome that connects two chromatids.
True
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the position on a chromosome where a gene is located.
locus
