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DNA Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

What is the structure of DNA?

A

Double helix

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3
Q

What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

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4
Q

Which nitrogenous bases pair together in DNA?

A

Adenine with Thymine, Guanine with Cytosine

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5
Q

What is the function of DNA?

A

Store genetic information

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6
Q

What process replicates DNA?

A

DNA replication

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7
Q

What enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

A

Helicase

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8
Q

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

A

Synthesize new DNA strands

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9
Q

What is a mutation in DNA?

A

A change in the nucleotide sequence

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10
Q

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

A

DNA -> RNA -> Protein

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11
Q

What is transcription in DNA?

A

The process of making RNA from DNA

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12
Q

What is translation in DNA?

A

The process of making protein from RNA

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13
Q

What is a codon in DNA?

A

A three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid

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14
Q

What is the start codon in DNA?

A

AUG

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15
Q

What is the stop codon in DNA?

A

UAA, UAG, UGA

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16
Q

What is the genetic code in DNA?

A

The correspondence between codons and amino acids

17
Q

What is a gene in DNA?

A

A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein

18
Q

What is a promoter region in DNA?

A

A sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription

19
Q

What is genetic engineering in DNA?

A

The manipulation of DNA to produce desired traits

20
Q

What is a restriction enzyme in DNA technology?

A

An enzyme that cuts DNA at specific sequences

21
Q

What is gel electrophoresis in DNA analysis?

A

A technique used to separate DNA fragments by size

22
Q

What is PCR in DNA technology?

A

Polymerase chain reaction, a method to amplify DNA

23
Q

What is a plasmid in DNA technology?

A

A small, circular DNA molecule used in genetic engineering

DNA (1 decks)

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