DNA Flashcards
(24 cards)
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What is the basic unit of DNA?
Nucleotide
What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
True or False: DNA is a double-stranded molecule.
True
What process replicates DNA?
DNA replication
Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?
Helicase
What is the function of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?
To synthesize new DNA strands
What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA -> RNA -> Protein
What is the name of the process by which RNA is synthesized from DNA?
Transcription
Which nitrogenous base in RNA replaces Thymine found in DNA?
Uracil
What is the name of the three-base sequence in mRNA that codes for an amino acid?
Codon
What is the start codon that signals the beginning of translation?
AUG
What type of bond holds together complementary base pairs in DNA?
Hydrogen bond
Which scientist is credited with discovering the structure of DNA?
James Watson and Francis Crick
What is the term for sections of DNA that do not code for proteins?
Non-coding DNA
What is the purpose of DNA packaging in eukaryotic cells?
To fit DNA into the nucleus
What is the name of the enzyme responsible for repairing damaged DNA?
DNA ligase
What is a mutation in DNA?
A change in the DNA sequence
What is the role of DNA in genetic inheritance?
Passing genetic information from parent to offspring
What is the term for the complete set of an organism’s DNA?
Genome
What is the process by which DNA is transcribed into RNA and then translated into proteins?
Central dogma
Which type of DNA mutation results in the loss of one or more nucleotides?
Deletion mutation
What is the name of the DNA structure that forms when the DNA double helix twists upon itself?
Supercoil
What is the term for the region of DNA that initiates transcription?
Promoter
