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DNA Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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2
Q

What is the basic unit of DNA?

A

Nucleotide

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3
Q

What are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine

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4
Q

True or False: DNA is a double-stranded molecule.

A

True

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5
Q

What process replicates DNA?

A

DNA replication

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6
Q

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

A

Helicase

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7
Q

What is the function of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

A

To synthesize new DNA strands

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8
Q

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

A

DNA -> RNA -> Protein

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9
Q

What is the name of the process by which RNA is synthesized from DNA?

A

Transcription

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10
Q

Which nitrogenous base in RNA replaces Thymine found in DNA?

A

Uracil

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11
Q

What is the name of the three-base sequence in mRNA that codes for an amino acid?

A

Codon

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12
Q

What is the start codon that signals the beginning of translation?

A

AUG

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13
Q

What type of bond holds together complementary base pairs in DNA?

A

Hydrogen bond

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14
Q

Which scientist is credited with discovering the structure of DNA?

A

James Watson and Francis Crick

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15
Q

What is the term for sections of DNA that do not code for proteins?

A

Non-coding DNA

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16
Q

What is the purpose of DNA packaging in eukaryotic cells?

A

To fit DNA into the nucleus

17
Q

What is the name of the enzyme responsible for repairing damaged DNA?

A

DNA ligase

18
Q

What is a mutation in DNA?

A

A change in the DNA sequence

19
Q

What is the role of DNA in genetic inheritance?

A

Passing genetic information from parent to offspring

20
Q

What is the term for the complete set of an organism’s DNA?

A

Genome

21
Q

What is the process by which DNA is transcribed into RNA and then translated into proteins?

A

Central dogma

22
Q

Which type of DNA mutation results in the loss of one or more nucleotides?

A

Deletion mutation

23
Q

What is the name of the DNA structure that forms when the DNA double helix twists upon itself?

A

Supercoil

24
Q

What is the term for the region of DNA that initiates transcription?

A

Promoter

DNA (1 decks)

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