DNA

Question 1

DNA stands for

Answer 1

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

Nucleotides are made up of

Answer 2

• a sugar called deoxyribose
  -a phosphate group called Po-4
  -and organic nitrogen base

Question 3

DNA is

Answer 3

present in all living organisms

Question 4

DNA controls

Answer 4

all the chemical changes within a cell.

Question 5

The organic bases of DNA bases are

Answer 5

adenine
cytosine
thymine
guanine

Question 6

ribose

Answer 6

Ribose is a sugar, like glucose, but with only five
carbon atoms in its molecule.

Question 7

DNA gyrase

Answer 7

Is an enzyme relaxes the molecule ( uncoil)

Question 8

DNA helicase

Answer 8

breaks the hydrogen bonds separates the two strands

Question 9

RNA primase

Answer 9

single stranded it searches for a base code and adds an RNA primer.

Question 10

DNA Polymerase lll

Answer 10

searches for and attaches at the RNA primer site once attached the DNA polymerase III begins adding free matching nucleotides to the original 3’ strand.

Question 11

Complementary base pairing means that two bases are always each other’s pair.

Answer 11

true

Question 12

The only way Watson and Crick’s model would work is if purines paired with other purines and pyrimidines were paired with other pyrimidines.

Answer 12

false

Question 13

There are 8 organic base pairings for every complete 360 degree twist of the DNA molecule.

Answer 13

no there are 10

Question 14

Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins used x-ray diffraction, where strands of DNA were bombarded with X-rays to yield a pattern on photographic film.

Answer 14

true

Question 15

The nitrogenous base is attached to the 1’ carbon of the sugar by a glycosyl bond and the phosphate group is attached to the 5’ carbon by a phosphodiester bond.

Answer 15

true

Question 16

the nitrogens are numbered

Answer 16

clockwise

Question 17

In the carbon based deoxyribose sugar, the first four of the five carbon atoms, together with an oxygen atom, form the 5-membered ring. The fifth carbon sticks out from the ring.

Answer 17

true

Question 19

replication can occur…

Answer 19

at different sites within one DNA molecule at the same time

Question 20

enzymes are

Answer 20

proteins that perform a function

Question 21

DNA HELICASE…

Answer 21

breaks the hydrogen bonds holding the strands together

Question 22

what is the difference between dna and rna

Answer 22

dna is double stranded forming a double helix while rna is usually single stranded

Question 23

DNA ligase

Answer 23

Seals the gap

Question 24

DNA polymerase 1

Answer 24

replaces the rna primer with proper DNA. nucleotides

Question 25

DNA Polymerase 2

Answer 25

proof reads the finished molecule; corrects mistakes

Question 26

adding nucleotides goes

Answer 26

5' to 3'

Question 27

RNA is a

Answer 27

single chain

Question 28

DNA has _______ sugar

Answer 28

deoxyribose

Question 29

RNA has _______- sugar

Answer 29

ribose

Question 30

RNA can be found in

Answer 30

nucelus and cytoplasm

Question 31

DNA can be found in

Answer 31

the nucleus

Question 32

are there different types of DNA

Answer 32

no

Question 33

are there different types of RNA

Answer 33

MRNA TRNA rRNA

Question 34

okazaki fragments are found on the

Answer 34

lagging strand

Question 35

transcription occurs in

Answer 35

nucleus

Question 36

translation occurs in a

Answer 36

ribosone

Question 37

crispr allows scientists to

Answer 37

figure exactly where dna was cut

Question 38

crispr Jean editing what is it

Answer 38

it allows scientists to make changes to DNA

Question 39

how does crispr work

Answer 39

based on a bacterial immune system that allows a bacteria to fight an infection it uses an enzyme called CAS9

Question 40

Franklin

Answer 40

disovered the structure of dna ( double helix)the famous photo is called " photo 51"

Question 41

chargaff

Answer 41

discovered the base pairing in DNA . he discovered the 4 niteogenous bases and declared the chargaff rules.

Question 42

substitution

Answer 42

a mutation that exchanges one base for another

Question 43

insertion

Answer 43

are mutations in which extra base pairs are inserted into a new place in the DNA

Question 44

deletion

Answer 44

mutations in which a section of DNA is lost or deleted

Question 45

Wilkins

Answer 45

he began the x ray diffracrion images of DNA that contributed to Watson and cricks discovery

Question 46

frame shifts happen due to

Answer 46

deletion or insertion multiple bases are affected

Question 47

point mutations

Answer 47

when only one nucleotide is altered the mutation if referred to as a point mutation

Question 48

translocation mutations

Answer 48

if a longer sequence of nucleotides are changed, the mutation is referred to as a translocation mutations.

Question 49

missense mutations

Answer 49

change a codon to one that encodes a different amino acid and cause a small change in the protein produced

Question 50

silent mutations

Answer 50

change a codon to one that encodes the same amino acid and causes no change in the protein produced.

Question 51

nonsense mutations

Answer 51

change a amino acid coding codon to a single " stop" codons. and cause an incomplete protein. This can have serious affects since the incomplete protein probably wont function

Question 52

causes of mutations

Answer 52

DNA fails to copy accurately

Question 53

what is hemoglobin

Answer 53

Hemoglobin is a protein containing iron that facilitates the transport of oxygen in red blood cells

Question 54

ssbs do what

Answer 54

hold strands of DNA apart

Question 55

DNA Polyermase III

Answer 55

searches for and attaches at the primer site and then begins adding free matching nucelotides

Question 56

RNA polymerase