DNA Flashcards
In RNA Adeninie pairs with:
Uracil
What is translation?
mRNA is read by the ribosome in the cytoplasm and a polypeptide chain is formed to make a protein.
What is transcription?
A gene is copied and a mRNA is formed.
Where does transcription occur in the cell
Nucleus
The double helix structure comprises:
A sugar phosphate backbone and pairs of nucleotide bases.
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
23 pairs
A difference between DNA and RNA is:
DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded
Which molecule contains the genetic information that controls cellular function and heriditary?
DNA
What is the start codon?
AUG
3 Bases is a:
Codon
1 codon is a:
single amino acid
A chain of amino acids is a:
Protien
What are DNA mutations
Changes in genetic material
How many mutations does everyone have in each cell?
about 6
Are mutations always seen?
no
Causes of genetic mutations:
Errors in DNA replication or environmental factors
Genetic disorders caused by genetic mutations:
Huntingtons disease, cystic fibrosis and sickle cell anemia
Where does Huntingtons disease occur
the central area of the brain
What is HD caused by?
mutations in the HTT gene
What does cystic fybrosis damage?
Lungs, digestive tract and other organs
