DNA Flashcards
helicase
unzips DNA strands, break H bonds, In DNA replication, enzyme
DNA polymerase
Enzyme that matches DNA nucleotides to a template strand-5´to 3´ only
primase
makes primer for polymerase to do its work, adds a foundation made of RNA
ligase
glues the new DNA together
Step 1 pt.1 Replication:
Helicase comes into DNA and does what
unwinds (unzips) DNA by breaking hydrogen bonds to create a replication bubble
Step 1 pt. 2 Replication:
Primase does what?
comes into the replication bubble and lays a RNA primer to signal start of replication
Step 2 Replication:
DNA Polymerase does what?
DNA Polymerase comes in and begins building bases to to match to the template strand
only 5’-3’
Leading and lagging strand explanation
based on carbon # location
2 strands; leading and lagging
Leading; 5’-3’
Lagging; 3’-5’ strands but works 5’-3’ for DNA Polymerase, it is broken up into sections(oxazaki fragments)
Step 3 of replication:
Ligase?
Polymerase?
ligase removes the primers and replaced RNA with DNA
Polymerase proof reads for errors
Result of replication
2x DNA
semi-conservative; 1/2 new 1/2 old
transcription and translation go through a process called what?
protein synthesis
Transcription location in Eukaryotic cells
Nucleus
then leaves and goes into cytoplasm to be converted into a protein for translation
Transcription location in Prokaryotic cells
Cytoplasm
What does RNA polymerase do? step 1 and 2?
Transcription
-unzips the DNA by breaking the hydrogen bonds
-only able to add more RNA nucleotides 5’-3’
-only coding complementary info to one side (TEMPLATE STRAND)
- New RNA will have the same info as coding strand except T will be U
When does the RNA polymerase stop
End of transcription in Prok.
Step 3 for Euk.
transcription
when it reaches the terminator
