DNA Flashcards
What is the function of DNA?
DNA acts like a biological instruction manual, carrying genetic information and guiding the synthesis of proteins crucial for cellular structure and function.
What is the function of RNA?
RNA acts as a messenger, transferring genetic instructions from DNA to guide protein synthesis in cells.
What does it mean when we say DNA is the source of the unity of life?
When we say DNA is the source of the unity of life, we mean that DNA, as the universal genetic code, contains the instructions for the development, functioning, and characteristics of all living organisms, providing a common molecular basis that unifies the diversity of life on Earth.
In detail, describe the shape of a DNA molecule?
The DNA molecule has a double helix structure, resembling a twisted ladder. The sides of the ladder consist of sugar and phosphate molecules, forming a backbone, while the rungs are made up of paired nitrogenous bases (adenine with thymine, and guanine with cytosine), creating the genetic code. This iconic structure was first described by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953.
What are the five bases found in DNA and RNA?
Uracil, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
Which are pyrimidines and purines?
Pyrimidines - CUT
Purines - GA
What are the units of inheritance that control particular characteristics of an organism?
The units of inheritance that control particular characteristics of an organism are called genes.
What are genes?
Genes are segments of DNA that contain instructions for building and maintaining the various components of cells and directing their activities.
What is it called when DNA makes exact copies of itself?
DNA replication
