DNA Flashcards
What type of chromosomes do female have?
XX Chromosomes
What type of chromosomes do male have?
XY Chromosomes
What does DNA stands for?
Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid
What are the 4 DNA Bases?
Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine
What carries genetic information?
DNA
What are the 3 organic molecules does Nucleotide contain?
Sugar, Phosphate, Nitrogeneous Base
It is the unit of hereditary in an organism and holds cell’s information and pass genetic trait
Gene
It is the genetic complement of an organism, including all its genes?
Genome
How many chromosomes does a human contain?
46 / 23 pairs
The information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product (proteins)
Gene Expression
What are the two sequential steps of Gene Expression?
Transcription and Translation
Information stored in DNA is passed to RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) and occurs in the Nucleus
Transcription
Carries the information from the DNA out of the nucleus into cytoplasm
mRNA
mRNA interacts with ribosome which “reads” the sequence of mRNA nucleotides
Translation
What is a sequence of three nucleotides is called?
Codon
It is the alteration in a segment of a DNA?
Genetic Changes
It changes the DNA sequence and can be caused by radiation, viruses, and etc.
Mutation
It exchanges DNA between adjacent chromosomes and results to production of new genetic makeup?
Recombination
It is the artificial recombination of different organisms
Genetic Engineering
What is the 1st step of Gene Engineering?
Isolation of the Target Gene
What is the 2nd step of Gene Engineering?
Insertion of the Target Gene into the Vector
What is the 3rd step in Genetic Engineering?
Introduction of Vector into Host
What is the 4th step of Gene Engineering?
Amplication of Target Gene
It cuts the specific part of the DNA
Restriction Enzyme
This helps synthesize
Polymerase
This helps bind
Ligase
This helps in carrying and integrating the desired gene
Vector
Information in which the recombinant DNA is introduced
Host Organism
