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DMT > DMMP Topic 1 - A&P > Flashcards

DMMP Topic 1 - A&P Flashcards

1
Q

EAC and the TM are the same layer of ______.

How many layers does the TM have?

A

skin

2 - these layers can accumulate fluid between them.

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2
Q

saf

A

adf

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3
Q

Fx of:

  • EAC
  • TM
  • Malleus, Incus, Stapes
  • Cochlea
A
  • acts as conduit of sound waves
  • changes sound waves into mechanical movement.
  • conducts sound to the oval window
  • sends pressure changes therefore endo/perilymph fluid moves along the cochlea stimulating cilia.
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4
Q

Fx of round window

A

acts as a dampener that allows fluid to move inside the cochlea.

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5
Q

How does air get warmed during ventilation

A

Your face is very vascular, to include the inside of the oro/nasopharynx. Also the vessels are superficial to allow quicker warming of the air.

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6
Q

Fx of turbinates

A

Increase surface area which increases vascularity, which warms air and provides resonance to you’re voice.

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7
Q

Lower respiratory begins at the ____

A

larynx

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8
Q

The only cartilaginous ring of the trachea that forms a full circle?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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9
Q

What is the reflex if the carina is stimulated?

A

cough

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10
Q

How does the heimlich maneuver still work if you are chocking on during an exhale?

A

It doesn’t

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11
Q

anatomy of upper respiratory

A

askjfs

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12
Q

Define:

  • ventilation
    • respiration
    • external respiration
    • internal respiration
A
  • mechanical movement of air/gas
  • gas exchange
  • gas exchange at the lungs
  • gas exchange at the cellular level
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13
Q

6 phases of respiration

A

1 -ventilation of the lungs with fresh air
2 - exchange of gases between blood and air in the lungs
3 - transportation of gases by blood
4 - exchange of gases between blood and tissue
5 - exchange of gases between tissue and cells
6 - use of and production of gases by cells

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14
Q

define circulatory system

A

a enclosed system that delivers O2, nutrients, and hormones to every cell and tissue to the body. And carries away CO2, waste chemicals, and heat.

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15
Q

3 main components of the circulatory system

A

heart
vessels
whole blood

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16
Q

2 types of circulatory circuits

A

pulmonary

systemic

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17
Q

3 main components of blood vessels

A

arteries
veins
capillaries

  • capillary inside diameter can be as small as one blood cell
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18
Q

whole blood:

  • total volume is ~ _____
  • 4 componenets
A
  • ~5L
  • RBC’s (45%)
    WBC’s
    Plasma (50%)
    Platelets
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19
Q

Average whole blood for adults
- male
- female
Wy do we become clammy during shock

A
  • 5-7L
    4-6L

clammy skin occurs like a fogged window.

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20
Q

6 parts to a neuro exam

A 
Mental Status
Coordination
CN II-XII
Motor
Sensory
DTR's
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21
Q

The ___ is the principle target of DCS.

A

Nervous system

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22
Q

Goal of a nero exam (4)

A
  • get a thorough hx
  • perform a focused exam
  • perform a full neuro exam
  • perform a focused re-exam (note any changes)
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23
Q

6 parts to a hx

A
  1. isolate the CC
  2. get dive hx/profile (DDTRRS)
  3. Predisposition of casulty
  4. progression of sx’s
  5. previoius hx of same sx’s
  6. pertinent past/present Med hx
24
Q
  1. Isolate the problem (2)
A
  • c/ OPQRST
  • ask and numbness, decreased sensation, paraesthesia, hyperesthesia, or weakness

*go back 72hrs, DCS can be insidious.

25
Q
  1. Dive Hx DDTRRS
A 
D - dive buddy, if so check him out too.
D - depth
T - time        *chart all dives c/in last 12hrs
R - rig 
R - repet dives last 72 hrs

*any altitude exposure, dangerous marine life, anything abnormal about the dive?

26
Q
  1. Predisposition of the casualty
    - before
    - descent
    - bottom
    - ascent
    - surface
A
  • any environmental exposure, dehydration, fatigue, etc…
  • barotrauma, vertigo, hypoxia, O2 hit, etc…
  • any CO2 tox, N2 narcosis, trauma, thermal issues, hypoxia, or HPNS
  • any POIS, ABV, contaminated gas, hypoxia, O2 Tox
  • DCS, AGE, IEB
27
Q
  1. Progression of sx’s (3)
A
  • static
  • progressive then relapsing
  • spontaneous improvement
    (common with hypoxia or CO2 tox)
28
Q
  1. PMH (2)
A
  • any hx of same sx’s (dive or non dive related)

- SAMPLE

29
Q

5 rights

A 
Rt Patient
     drug/medication
     dose
     route
     time
* EXP, document, and that Pt has the rt to refuse tx
30
Q

Previous hx of AGE or DCS means

___ mimics an AGE

A

PMH increases susceptibility for another incident. Requires minimum 1 month of No Dive after a TT or up to 6 months NPQ dive

CVA

31
Q

when performing neuro exams; act as if your Pt is deaf, dumb, and blind.

Don’t demonstrate everything, assess them to apply commands

A

Just good info

32
Q

Neuro Exams:

  • most diving casualties have ___ mental status
  • AMS is more likely to be seen c/ ___ or ___.
A
  • normal

- AGE or Aviation bends

33
Q

Mental Status (6)

A
  • A&Ox3
  • Short term memory
  • Long term memory
  • reasoning
  • alphabet
  • arithmatic
  • 3 word recall, reassess better, worse, or same
34
Q

Coordination Exam (7)

A
  • walk normally
  • heel-toe-walk
  • finger-to-nose
  • finger-to-finger
  • Rhombergs
  • Heel-shin-slide
  • rapid movement
  • 3 word recall, reassess better, worse, or the same.
35
Q

CN pics

A

afa’jf

36
Q

CN exam (12)

A 
I - Olfactory
II - Optic
III - Oculomotor
IV - Trochlear
V - Trigeminal
VI - Abducens
VII - Facial
VIII - Vestibulocochlear
IX - Glossopharyngeal
X -Vagus
XI - Spinal Accessory
XII - Hypoglossal
37
Q

CN I (4)

A
  • olfactory epithelium is @ the roof of the nasal cavity
  • provides sense of smell
  • not visually tested
  • test one nostril at a time
38
Q

CN II

A

Fx’s in recognition of light and shade and the perception of objects.

39
Q

CN III (2)

A
  • Somatic motor controls precise eye movement

- Visceral motor controls pupillary light and accommodation reflexes.

40
Q

CN IV

A
  • controls superior oblique muscle

- directs depression, inversion, and adduction.

41
Q

CN VI

A
  • controls lateral rectus muscle

- allows abduction

42
Q

add eyes pic

A

aslfk’sadjfa’jsf

43
Q

CN V

A
  • innervates the forehead and face.

- innervates the tensor tympani

44
Q

CN VII

A
  • Controls facial muscles, scalp, forehead, eyelids, expressions, cheeks and jaw.
  • check for symmetry in nasolabial folds.
45
Q

CN VIII

A

controls hearing and balance

46
Q

CN IX

A
  • sensory from the upper mouth to the throat

- allows gag reflex and constriction of the pharyngeal wall c/ saying “Ahh”

47
Q

CN X

A
  • controls roof of mouth

- controls vocal cords

48
Q

Hoarseness in voice suggest ____.

Nasal voice suggest ____.

A
  • Paralysis of voice box
  • Paralysis of palate

*also consider POIS’s (Subcutaneous emphysema)

49
Q

CN XI

A
  • turns head side to side

- shoulder shrugs

50
Q

Weakness/absence of shoulder shrug or head turn suggest nerve injury to the ___ side.

A
  • affected
51
Q

CN XII

A
  • controls Pt’s tongue

- deficient response would cause the tongue to twist to the affected side.

52
Q

Sensory Exam (5)

A
  • torso
  • back
  • arms, hands, fingers
  • junk and trunk
  • legs and feet
53
Q

Strength Exam 0-5

A

0 - paralysis
1 - profound weakness; flicker or trace movements
2 - severe weakness; cannot move against gravity
3 - moderate weakness; can overcome gravity
4 - mild weakness; resist slight force
5 - normal; equal bilateral strength

54
Q

DTR’s 0-4

A 
0 - none
1 - hypoactive
2 - normal
3 - hyperactive
4 - clonus
55
Q

Clonus

A

rapid spastic movement

56
Q

Point of interest:

  • brain
  • spinal cord
A

Brain:

  • DCS - confusion, drowsiness, fatigue
  • AGE - CVA c/ focal hemispheric or brain stem sx’s. Seizure, aphasia, hemiparesis, and CV arrest.
  • MAY HAVE COMBO OF BOTH.

Spinal:

  • Pt can’t urinate
  • dermatomal sx’s
  • RARE c/ DIVING
57
Q

Aphasia

Hemiparesis

Hemiplagia

A
  • lack of emotion
  • lack of sensation
  • paralysis to one side of the body.

DMT (15 decks)

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