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Human Geog 2200 > DMD 1002 - Quiz 1 > Flashcards

DMD 1002 - Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Photography

A

Is the process of fixing an image in time through the action of light.

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2
Q

Point and Shoot (Consumer) Cameras

A

Determines the appropriate focus and exposure settings.
- Have a built-in flash and are largely menu-driven
- Very few controls located on the camera body itself

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3
Q

DSLR Cameras

A

In a DSLR camera, a mirror located behind the lens directs the
image to an optical viewfinder.
When the shutter is released, the mirror flips out of the way and
allows light onto the sensor → This is called EXPOSURE!

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4
Q

Consumer Cameras

A

● Easy to use, low entry point.
● Allows you to “point and shoot”
automatically settings exposure

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5
Q

Prosumer Cameras

A

Blend of professional consumer
Typically DSLRs with interchangeable lenses
● Falls between the two levels, often
defined by interchangeable lenses

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6
Q

Imaging Chain of Cameras

A

The lens determines the field of view, or what the camera “sees.”
The iris regulates the intensity of exposure.
The shutter regulates the time of exposure, and the image sensor captures light and converts it into a digital signal.
Image Sensor

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7
Q

Lens

A

The lens is mounted on the front of the camera and is designed to capture and manipulate light reflected from objects in the camera’s line of sight
Measured in “Focal Length” in millimeters
(e.g. 50mm, 24-70mm)
Prime Lenses – fixed focal length
Zoom Lenses – Variable focal length

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8
Q

Prime Lenses

A

Called prime or fixed focal-length lenses. With a fixed focal-length lens, the only way to affect angle of view is to physically change the distance between the camera and the subject.

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9
Q

Wide-angle lenses

A

Have a relatively short focal length
- Results in the wide angle of view.
- Often used for shooting landscape panoramas and vistas where the primary emphasis is on establishing a wide overview of the scene

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10
Q

Telephoto

A

Lenses have a long focal length
- Results in a very narrow angle of view.
- Longlenses can magnify distant objects, making them appear much closer than they really are

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11
Q

Professional Cameras

A

Better quality sensor
● Greater control over your image
● Specialised for photo or video

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12
Q

Mirrorless Cameras

A

Unlike DSLR cameras, do not contain a mirror inside to reflect light into the sensor

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13
Q

Focal Length

A

➔ Focal length is the distance
between the optical center of a
lens and the camera image sensor
(mm)
➔ The longer the focal length, the
physically longer the lens will be

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14
Q

The Exposure Triangle

A

The larger the aperture, the more light strikes the image sensor and the greater potential there will be for acquiring shallow depth of field. Increasing the ISO increases the light sensitivity of the image sensor

Exposure triangle is widely used by photographers to refer to the three primary components of a camera system that a photographer adjusts to control exposure:
● Shutter Speed
● Aperture
● ISO

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15
Q

Aperture

A

The size of the aperture is inversely related to the DOF of an image.
As the size of the aperture decreases, DOF increases, causing more of the scene to appear in focus.
As the aperture is enlarged, DOF decreases, creating greater contrast between foreground and background objects

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16
Q

Shutter speed

A

Shutter speed influences how motion is captured by the image sensor.
Use slower shutter speed when subject motion is minimal,
the light level is low, or you purposely want to create a motion blur effect

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17
Q

ISO

A

the ISO rating is now used to describe a sensor’s ability to respond to light. The ISO designation follows a logarithmic scale, which means that each jump to a higher ISO number results in a doubling of the film’s light sensitivity

As film speed increases, however, the sharpness and clarity of an image decreases, and your image will have a grainier, or “noisier,” appearance

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18
Q

White Balance / Color Temperature

A

Light sources are rated according to their color temperature on the Kelvin scale, so named for the British physicist William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin of Largs
Lower color temperature - cooler temperature
Higher color temperature - warmer temperature

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19
Q

Depth of Field

A

Depth of field (DOF) refers to the area of a scene in front of and behind the main subject that is in focus.

The term great depth of field is used to describe a photograph where the majority of the scene is sharply defined

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20
Q

Exposure

A

The reciprocity law, states that there is an inverse relationship between intensity and time and can be expressed mathematically as:
Exposure = Intensity × Time

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21
Q

Image Sensor

A

A small electronic chip used to register the intensity and color of light. It is the digital equivalent of “film,”

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22
Q

Visual Communication

A

Study that investigates the transmission of ideas and information through visual forms and symbols

  • looks at the cognitive and affective processes that affect the way we perceive (or sense) visual stimuli
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23
Q

Seeing

A

Objective reality of
sight

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24
Q

Perceiving

A

Transmission of
culture and meaning

25
Q

Seeing / Perceiving

A

Seeing and Perceiving are two
different things
- Two people can see the same
piece of art and derive completely
different meanings

26
Q

Content

A

The tangible essence of
a work
* Stories, ideas, information

27
Q

Form

A

The manner in which the
content is designed, packaged,
and delivered for consumption.
* The way you see those
stories & ideas

28
Q

Positive Space

A

A portion of the image where visual
elements (lines, shapes, forms, etc.) reside.

29
Q

Negative Space

A

The rest of the image where no
content exists.

30
Q

Dot

A

Fundamental unit of form in
visual design
* Print media: made up of dots
* Digital imaging: pixels
* We perceive the holistic
image created by the
merging of pixels to form a
whole

31
Q

Line

A

A visual connector between
two points in space.
* Lines can be real or implied.
* Some lines are relaxing,
others give a sense of
direction, movement, or
visual energy.

32
Q

Shape

A

A two-dimensional element formed
by the enclosure of dots and lines.
* We perceive shapes as flat objects,
without depth.
* Shapes can be powerful visual
forces – evoking emotions,
memories, scents, etc.
* Geometric or organic

33
Q

Geometric Shapes

A
  • 3 basic geometric shapes in
    design
  • Circles, triangles, & squares
  • Can be combined in many ways
    to create a infinite variety of
    shapes
34
Q

Organic Shapes

A
  • Resemble objects in the
    natural world
  • Imperfect, soft, flowing
  • Use of continuous curves or
    circular elements
35
Q

Elements of Form

A

Adds the dimension of depth to
an image
* Is 3-Dimensional and connects
us more fully to the way we see
objects in the natural world.
* DESIGN & ANIMATION – 3D
modeling tools can create the
illusion of form
* PHOTOGRAPHY & FILM –
achieved through lighting

36
Q

Lighting

A

Lighting affects other elements of design.
+ Light intensity – a measure of overall brightness of a light
source (the sun, a lamp, etc.) or the level of illumination
on a subject being photographed.

37
Q

Color Temperature (Design)

A

Refers to the general hue of a light source.
Lights for film & photography are generally
either tungsten or daylight color temperatures

38
Q

Texture

A

Texture is the surface attribute
of a visual object that evokes a
sense of tactile interaction.
- It can be implied in images.
- Can affect us on a multisensory
level of touch, smell, even taste.

39
Q

Pattern

A

The reoccurrence of a visual
element within the design space.
- Pattern can occur naturally or it
can be something that the
photographer manipulates.

40
Q

Elements of Color

A

+ Hue
> What color?
The color shade of an object as a single
point on the color spectrum.
+ Saturation
> How much color?
The strength or purity of a color.
+ Luminance (brightness)
> How bright is the color?
The relative lightness or darkness of a
color.

41
Q

Colors have cultural significance

A
42
Q

Unity

A

Alignment, Proximity, Similarity, and
Repetition

43
Q

Emphasis

A

Contrast, Color, Depth, and Proportion

44
Q

Perceptual Forces

A

Balance, Continuation, Figure-Ground, and
Psychological Closure

45
Q

Interactive Tree

A

“decision points”
as moments in the story when
different choices may present
themselves

46
Q

Problem with Interactive Trees

A

Geometric Explosion: too many branches
after only a few decision points
➔ Too many endings! More work for the
designer…
➔ Is the quality of the story measured by the
number of endings?

47
Q

Foldback

A

The folding of the story back into a
predetermined path
➔ Gives impression of range of choice while
minimizing the number of final outcomes
➔ But can disappoint the user: they might feel
“cheated”
➔ Foldback with a “payoff”: knowledge gained, tools
acquired, story changed, or simply curiosity sated

48
Q

4P’s of Storytelling

A

PEOPLE
* Relatable
* Make stories about what you know * Make an emotional connection
PURPOSE
Your opportunity to say something!
PLOT *
* Poses a question the viewer wants answered
* Creating a journey
* The audience must be invested!
Show, don’t tell.
Five elements of place:
*
Think about why you are making this
*
particular story.
PLACE
*
* People, Environment, Objects, Time, &
*
your story

49
Q

Pre-visualization

A

The act of putting a story idea or concept into a written or illustrated form that can be shared with others.
Can take the form of…
* Treatment
* Storyboard
* Script (AV “Paper-edit” or Screenplay formats)
* Pitch Deck, Look Book, or Mood Board
* Animatic (animation)
* Wireframe & Mockup (Web Design)

50
Q

Production

A
  • The creation of the project!
  • Filming, audio recording, collecting assets, modeling & texturing, etc.
51
Q

3P’s of Production

A
  • Preproduction
  • Production
  • Post Production
52
Q

Post Production

A
  • Putting it all together!
  • Editing, animating, coding, etc.
53
Q

Preproduction

A

Idea Generation & Brainstorming * Research
* Writing
* Pre-Visualization!
* Budgeting, Scheduling, Project Planning

54
Q

Multimedia

A

Can be thought of as a super- medium because it consolidates many types of media within a single convergent channel of expression and delivery.

55
Q

Mass media

A

The main means of mass communication, such as broadcasting, publishing, and the internet, considered collectively

56
Q

Characteristics of Mass Media

A

CONSOLIDATED
Mass media is the product of large organizations that operate with great expense.
HETEROGENEOUS & ANONYMOUS
Mass media is directed toward a relatively large, heterogeneous, and anonymous audience.
PUBLIC TRANSMISSION & TIMING
Mass media is publicly transmitted and timed to reach the most audience members simultaneously.

57
Q

New Media

A

Is used to describe the relatively recent emergence of digital technologies that have changed the way content is produced, distributed, and consumed
Ex.
● EBOOKS
● ONLINE NEWSPAPERS
● ONLINE GAMES
● BLOGS
● MUSIC DOWNLOADING + STREAMS
● STREAMING MOVIES & TV SHOWS
● PODCASTS
● YOUTUBE
● SMART TV

58
Q

Principles of New Media

A
  1. NUMERICAL REPRESENTATION
    - New media can be defined numerically as a formal equation or mathematical function
    The computer reduces every act of human communication to a binary expression made up of zeros and ones.
  2. STRUCTURAL MODULARITY
    - A product of the digital revolution, made possible by the shared binary language of computers
    Is the merging of previously discrete technologies into a unified whole
  3. AUTOMATION
    A computer can be programmed to serve as an “agent of content production”
    This can save time when doing simple tasks
    Ex. Excel generates charts from spreadsheets, batch photo processing in Adobe Lightroom
  4. VARIABILITY
    New media objects are not bound to a single fixed form, but can exist as a potentially infinite number of versions
  5. CULTURAL TRANSCODING
    The bidirectional influence of computers and human culture interacting with each other
59
Q

Social Media

A

A broad term used to describe the many web-based tools that enable computer-mediated interpersonal, group, and mass communication.
● BLOGGING
● CONTENT SHARING
● SOCIAL BOOKMARKING
● SOCIAL NETWORKING

Human Geog 2200 (2 decks)

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