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DMod2 Pt5 Control & Prevention of Infection > DM2 Pt5-1 Cleaning & Disinfection > Flashcards

DM2 Pt5-1 Cleaning & Disinfection Flashcards

1
Q

Why is cleaning and disinfection important in catteries?

A

It is vital to prevent the spread of infectious diseases, especially upper respiratory tract viruses.

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2
Q

How can cats spread viruses even without showing symptoms?

A

Cats can excrete viruses, especially herpesvirus, when they are stressed.

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3
Q

What items should be disinfected between patients in a cattery or clinic?

A

Scales, cages, cat carriers, thermometers, bedding, food and water bowls, and tabletops should be disinfected between patients.

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4
Q

Why should phenol-based disinfectants not be used near cats?

A

Cats cannot metabolise phenols, and even the fumes can be toxic to them.

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5
Q

What is the difference between sterilisation and disinfection?

A

Sterilisation removes all forms of microbial life, while disinfection selectively eliminates certain microorganisms to prevent their transmission.

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6
Q

Why is disinfection necessary in catteries?

A

Disinfection prevents the spread of infectious diseases from one cat to another, and in rare cases, to humans.

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7
Q

What are some important protozoa that can infect cats and humans?

A

Toxoplasma gondii and Giardia lambliae are important protozoa infections.

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8
Q

What are the main fungal infections to consider in cats?

A

Microsporum canis is the main agent causing ringworm in cats.

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9
Q

What are some important bacterial infections in cats?

A

Mycoplasma spp., Salmonella spp., and Chlamydia felis (formerly Chlamydophila).

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10
Q

What are some of the most important viral infections in cats?

A

Feline herpesvirus (FHV), feline calicivirus (FCV), feline parvovirus (FPV), feline leukaemia virus (FeLV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and feline coronavirus (FIP).

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11
Q

Which two viruses are most resistant to disinfectants and highly infectious?

A

Feline parvovirus (FPV) and feline calicivirus (FCV) are the most resistant to disinfectants and highly infectious.

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12
Q

What were some ancient disinfectants?

A

Ancient disinfectants included copper, silver, wine, vinegar, and honey.

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13
Q

Which disinfectants were introduced in the 18th and 19th centuries?

A

Some examples include copper sulphate, bleaching powder, creosote, iodine, and phenol.

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14
Q

What are phenolic compounds derived from?

A

Phenolic compounds are derived from coal tar.

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15
Q

What are phenolic compounds effective against?

A

They are effective against viruses and bacteria but less active against bacterial spores.

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16
Q

Give an example of a well-known phenolic disinfectant.

A

Examples include ‘Lysol’ and ‘Stericol’.

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17
Q

What is the main antimicrobial component of pine disinfectants?

A

Terpineol has antimicrobial activity, while pinene has little antimicrobial effect.

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18
Q

What is an example of a combined pine disinfectant with phenols?

A

Dettol’ is a combined pine disinfectant with substituted phenols.

19
Q

What acid is approved for use against foot-and-mouth virus?

A

Citric acid is approved for use against foot-and-mouth virus.

20
Q

What is an example of an acid used as a food preservative?

A

Benzoic acid is used as a preservative in food and pharmaceutical products.

21
Q

What is the most well-known biguanide used in disinfection?

A

Chlorhexidine is the best-known biguanide and is the main ingredient in ‘Hibitane’.

22
Q

What are biguanides ineffective against?

A

They are ineffective against viruses and bacterial spores.

23
Q

What are cationic surfactants effective against?

A

Cationic agents are effective against bacteria and enveloped viruses (e.g. FHV and FeLV).

24
Q

What is an example of a widely used cationic surfactant?

A

Cetrimide, a constituent of ‘Savlon’.

25
Q

What are aldehydes used for in disinfection?

A

Aldehydes, like formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde, are used as disinfectants for bacteria, spores, and viruses.

26
Q

What concentration of glutaraldehyde is effective?

A

A 2% solution of glutaraldehyde is effective.

27
Q

What halogen-based disinfectant is commonly used and effective against bacteria and viruses?

A

Sodium hypochlorite solutions (e.g., ‘Chloros’, ‘Domestos’).

28
Q

What is a downside of using sodium hypochlorite?

A

It loses activity in the presence of organic matter and can release toxic chlorine gas.

29
Q

What are the three main methods used to test disinfectant efficacy?

A

Suspension test, carrier test, and surface test.

30
Q

How is the suspension test performed?

A

The microorganism is suspended in liquid, and disinfectant is added at different concentrations to determine the effective dilution rate.

31
Q

What temperature and organic challenge is used in the suspension test?

A

Testing is done at 4°C with a 5% yeast suspension as the organic challenge.

32
Q

How is the carrier test performed?

A

The microorganism is dried onto a carrier (e.g. stainless steel) and then placed in the disinfectant solution to test efficacy.

33
Q

How is the surface test performed?

A

The microorganism is dried onto a surface (e.g. steel or wood), and the disinfectant is applied directly to the inoculated surface.

34
Q

What is the minimum virus reduction required for a disinfectant to pass the suspension test?

A

The disinfectant must reduce the virus titre by at least 10,000-fold.

35
Q

Why should phenolic compounds not be used around cats?

A

Cats cannot detoxify phenolic compounds due to low glucuronide transferase activity, making phenols toxic to them.

36
Q

What must a cattery disinfectant be effective against?

A

It must be effective in the presence of organic material like faeces and have low toxicity.

37
Q

What role do surfactants play in disinfectants?

A

Surfactants provide cleaning properties to the disinfectant.

38
Q

What should you do before using a disinfectant?

A

Always read the label and follow the instructions strictly.

39
Q

How long should disinfectant be left in contact before rinsing?

A

Disinfectant should be left for the recommended time, such as 30 minutes, before rinsing.

40
Q

What precautions should be taken when diluting disinfectants?

A

Wear gloves and eye protection, and avoid breathing fumes as the concentrate is harmful.

41
Q

Why should different disinfectants not be mixed?

A

They may be chemically incompatible.

42
Q

What types of disinfectants should not be used in catteries?

A

Disinfectants containing phenolic compounds like ‘Dettol’, ‘Lysol’, and ‘Jeyes fluid’.

43
Q

What should you avoid when disposing of disinfectant runoff?

A

Avoid letting disinfectant runoff enter watercourses, as it is toxic to aquatic life.

DMod2 Pt5 Control & Prevention of Infection (5 decks)

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