DM Type I

Question 1

characteristics shared by both Type I and II without Tx

Answer 1

• insulin deficiency–absolute or relative
• glucagon excess–absolute or relative
• volume depletion
• mental status changes

Question 2

mental status changes/unresponsive

Answer 2

AEIOU TIPS:
alcohol/acidosis
epilepsy/endocrine/exocrine/encephalopathy
infection
opioid/overdose
uremia

trauma
insulin
psychosis
syncope/stroke

Question 3

diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 3

• most commonly seen in Type I DM
• can be seen in Type 2 DM
• may be first presentation in previously unknown diabetic

Question 4

etiology of DKA

Answer 4

• inadequate insulin
• infection: pneumonia, UTI, gastroenteritis, sepsis
• infarcation: coronary, cerebral, mesenteric, peripheral
• surgery
• drugs

Question 5

initial symptoms of DKA

Answer 5

• anorexia
• nausea
• vomiting
• polyuria
• thirst

Question 6

progression of symptoms in DKA

Answer 6

• abdominal pain
• altered mental function
• coma

Question 7

signs of DKA

Answer 7

• Kussmaul respirations–rapid/deep
• acetone (fruity) breath odor
• dry mucous membranes
• poor skin turgor
• tachycardia
• hypotension
• fever
• abdominal tenderness

Question 8

labs of DKA

Answer 8

• hyperglycemia
• ketosis
• metabolic acidosis
• potassium
  
  • serum may be normal or somewhat high due to acidosis b/c K is sent out of cells and into circulation
• hypertriglyceremia
• hyperlipoproteinemia
• hyperamylasemia–can be salivary, can suggest pancreatitis
• leukocytosis

Question 9

metabolic acidosis

Answer 9

-calc Anion Gap which is increased in DKA
(Na)-(Cl+bicarb)
normal is 5-16

MUDPILES
methanol
uremia
diabetic ketoacidosis
paraldehyde
isopropyl alcohol, iron, isoniazid
lactic acidosis
ethylene glycol
salicylates