DM Meds

Question 1

• Reduces hepatic glucose production and increases insulin sensitivity
• Contraindication: Renal Failure, CHF, or cirrhosis, contrast dye, black box for lactic acidosis
• Interactions: Corticosteroids, thiazide diuretics

Answer 1

Biguanides (metformin)

Question 2

• Decreases reabsorption of filtered glucose, therefore increasing urinary glucose excretion
• AE: UTIs, yeast infx

Answer 2

SGLT-2 Inhibitors

Question 3

-Increases insulin release; decreases hepatic glucose production

Answer 3

DD4-4 Inhibitors

Question 4

• Increases glucose secretion while slowing gastric emptying
• Decrease in appetite (due to slow gastric emptying); weight loss; hypoglycemia
• Thyroid CA=contraindication and black box

Answer 4

GLP-1 Receptor

Question 5

• Blocks potassium channels–>depolarization of cell–> influx of Ca–> stimulates insulin release
• AE: Hypoglycemia
• Contra: DM type I

Answer 5

Meglitinide Analogs

Question 6

• Increases cellular response to insulin (w/o increasing insulin production)
• CHF black box
• AE: osteopenia, Links to bladder CA

Answer 6

Thiazolidinediones

Question 7

Delays glucose absorption from gut, decreasing glucose spikes
AE: Flatulenence

Answer 7

Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors

Question 8

• Stimulates insulin release from beta cells
• AE: Weight gain, hypoglycemia in elderly
• Alternative to insulin for gestational DM

Answer 8

Sulfonylureas