DM MEDS

Question 1

How do sulfonylureas work

Answer 1

stimulates insulin secretion from pancreas

Question 2

what kind of medications are the following: orinase, amaryl, glucotrol, glyburide,

Answer 2

orinase, amaryl, glucotrol, glyburide, are all sulfonyureas;

orinase= tolbutamide\
glimepiride = amaryl
glucotrol= glipizide
glyburide= micronase

Question 3

glyburide is what kind of dm med?

Answer 3

sulfonyurea; works by having the pancreas release more insulin

Question 4

side effect of sulfonyureas?

Answer 4

hypoglycemia
weight gain

Question 5

contraindications of sulfonyureas

Answer 5

CrCl< 60
DKA

Question 6

MOA of glinides

Answer 6

structurally different from sulfonyureas, however they also work by increasing insulin secretion from pancreas

Question 7

what kind of medications are prandin and starlix?

Answer 7

they are glinides, which work by increasing insulin secretion from pancreas

prandin= repaglinide
starlix= nateglinide

Question 8

side effects of glinides?

Answer 8

hypoglycemia

Question 9

moa of biguanides

Answer 9

decrease glucose release from liver AND decreases intestinal absorption of glucose, ALSO improves insulin sensitivity, hence increasing glucose uptake and utilization

Question 10

what kind of medications are glucophage, fortamet and riomet?

Answer 10

they are all brand names for MEtformin, which is a biguanide, which in turn does the following

• decreases liver secretion of glucose
• decreases intestinal absorption of glucose
• increases insulin sensitivity

Question 11

side effects of glucophage?

Answer 11

this is metformin; side effects are diarrhea and nausea, lactic acidosis;

Question 12

side effect of fortamet?

Answer 12

this is metformin; side effects are diarrhea and nausea, lactic acidosis;

Question 13

contraindication to glucophage?

Answer 13

this is metformin; contraindications are the following:
- eGFR < 30
- Metabolic Acidosis
- DKA
- Hypoxemia
- Sepsis
- Hepatic Dz
- CHF/Alcohol and hypoglycemia= CAUTION

Question 14

what kind of medication is precose?

Answer 14

this is acarbose, which in turn is an alpha glucosidase inhibitor, it works by delaying digestion and absorption of carbohydrates

Question 15

moa of alpha glucosidase inhibitors

Answer 15

these work by delaying digestion and absorption of carbohydrates

Question 16

side effects of acarbose?

Answer 16

this is an alpha glucosidase inhibitor, meaning it delays digestion and inhibitors absorption of carbs

side effects include:
- Flatulence

Question 17

What kind of medications are actos and avandia?

Answer 17

they are thiazolidinediones; GLITAZONES OR TZDz

Actos= pioglitazone

Avandia= rosiglitazone

they work by decreasing insulin resistance in the body (in fat and muscle tissue)

Question 18

side effect of actos

Answer 18

this is a glitazonel it works by decreasing insulin resistance

side effects:
- anemia, edema, weight gain, macular edema, bone loss in women; MAY WORSEN HF

Question 19

what labs do you have to monitor if a patient is on actos?

Answer 19

Monitor Liver labs; Also make sure their heart is ok, not great for patient with heart failure

Question 20

contraindications to actos

Answer 20

Actos is a TZD drug, it works by decreasing insulin resistance

contraindications to starting this: DKA, bladder cancer, CHF class 3-4, and caution with premenopausal anovulatory patients

Question 21

which DM med can increase risk of heart problem, like angina, or MI?

Answer 21

A TZD, Avandia (rosiglitazone)

Question 22

MOA of GLP 1 analogs

Answer 22

• increase insulin secretion
• reduce glucose release from liver after meals
• delays foot emptying from stomach
  -> promotes satiety

Question 23

what are some examples of GLP- 1 analogs

Answer 23

-exanatide = byetta
- liraglutide= victoza
- albiglutide = tanzeum
- dulaglutide= trulicity

Question 24

what kind of medications are trulicity and byetta

Answer 24

GLP 1 analogs; they work by increasing insulin secretion, reducing glucose release from liver and delaying food emptying

Question 25

side effects of byetta

Answer 25

this is a GLP 1 analog that, works by increasing insulin secretion, decreasing glucose release from liver after meals and delays gastric emptying side effects include nausea, pancreatitis, mild weight loss; maybe hypoglycemia if used with an insulin secretagogue

Question 26

side effect of victoza

Answer 26

this is a GLP 1 analog that, works by increasing insulin secretion, decreasing glucose release from liver after meals and delays gastric emptying side effects include nausea, pancreatitis, mild weight loss; maybe hypoglycemia if used with an insulin secretagogue

Question 27

side effect of trulicity

Answer 27

this is a GLP 1 analog that, works by increasing insulin secretion, decreasing glucose release from liver after meals and delays gastric emptying side effects include nausea, pancreatitis, mild weight loss; maybe hypoglycemia if used with an insulin secretagogue

Question 28

contraindications to victoza

Answer 28

this is a GLP 1 agonist, meaning it works by increasing insulin secretion, decreasing liver secretion of glucose at meals, and decreasing gastric emptying Contraindications include Pancreatitis, history of medullary thyroid cancer (MEN 2),

Question 29

contraindications to trulicity

Answer 29

this is a GLP 1 agonist, meaning it works by increasing insulin secretion, decreasing liver secretion of glucose at meals, and decreasing gastric emptying Contraindications include Pancreatitis, history of medullary thyroid cancer (MEN 2),

Question 30

MOA of dpp4 inhibitors

Answer 30

increase insulin secretion and reduce glucose release from liver after meals

Question 31

what kind of medications are januvia, nesina and onglyza?

Answer 31

GLIPTINS!!! these are DPP4 inhibitors; they increase insulin secretion and decrease glucose relase from pancreas after meals Januvia= sitagliptin nesina= alogliptin onglyza= saxagliptin

Question 32

side effects of januvia

Answer 32

januvia is a gliptin, it is a DPP4 inhibitor, mening it works by increaisng insulin secretion and decreasing glucose release from liver after meals side effects include: URI, runny nose, possible allergic reactions

Question 33

contraindication to januvia

Answer 33

GFR < 45 Caution with pancretitis and HF

Question 34

moa of SGLT2 inhibitors

Answer 34

increases glucose excretion in urine

Question 35

what kind of medication is invokana? farxiga or jardiance ?

Answer 35

FLOZINS These are SGLT2 inhibitors; they work by increasing urinary excretion of glucose Canagliflozin= Invokana Farxiga= Dapagliflozin Jardiance= Empagliflozin

Question 36

side effects of farxiga?

Answer 36

this is an SLGT2- inhibitor and works by increasing glucose excretion in urine side effects= increased urination and urgency, lower BP pressure, dizziness, yeast infection, increase in K in blood

Question 37

side effect of jardiance?

Answer 37

this is an SLGT2- inhibitor and works by increasing glucose excretion in urine side effects= increased urination and urgency, lower BP pressure, dizziness, yeast infection, increase in K in blood

Question 38

difference between jardiance and januvia

Answer 38

Jardiance = Empagliflozin = SGLT 2 inhibitors; works by increasing urinary excretion of glucose Januvia= Sitagliptin= DPP$ inhibitor; works by increasing insulin secretion and decreasing glucose secretion from liver after meals

Question 39

contraindication of jardiance?

Answer 39

jardiance = empagligflozine = SGLT 2 inhibitor contraindication includes Pregnancy, breastfeeding, DKA, GFR <30

Question 40

Synjardy is combo of which two meds

Answer 40

empagliflozin (jardiance, SGLT2 inhibitors) AND Metformin (biguanide)

Question 41

XIGDUO is a combination of which two meds?

Answer 41

dapagliflozin (farxiga SGLT 2 inhibitor) AND Metformin (biguanide)

Question 42

Glucovance is a combination of which two meds ?

Answer 42

Glyburide (sulfonyurea) and Metformin (biguanide)

Question 43

Janumet is a combination of which two medications?

Answer 43

Sitagliptin (januvia, DPP$ inhibitor) AND Metformin (Biguanide)

Question 44

what kind of medication is semaglutide?

Answer 44

semaglutide = ozempic= GLP 1 agonist - MOA is increasinf insulin secretion, decresing glucose secretion from liver after meals and delaying gastric emptying