Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUTR 3090 > DM MEDICAL MANAGEMENT > Flashcards

DM MEDICAL MANAGEMENT Flashcards

1
Q

why would type 2 diabetic patients be more susceptible to disease?

A

hyperglycemia causes
=immune dysfunction
=depressed antioxidant system
= decreased antibacterial activity of urine
=acidosis in blood = WBC impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Long term complications of DM?

A
  1. kidney disease
  2. blindness
  3. heart disease
  4. stroke
  5. nerve damage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List any microvascular complications from DM

A
  1. Retinopathy
  2. Nephropathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explain Retinopathy

A

disease of the eye
- non -proliferative at first with microanuerysms in fundus
-proliferaties later with new fragile blood vessels growing in retina that leak blood
= clouded vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

explain nephropathy

A

disease of the kidney
-loss of function
-albumin in the urine
aka moderately increased albuminaria eventually progresses to end stage renal disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

macrovascular complications from DM?

A

metabolic effects of DM = fast atherogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why such rapid atherogenesis in DM?

A
  1. high blood glucose level effects
  2. high lipid levels
  3. increased inflamm
    = overall CVD risk increase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some other complications from DM related to nerve damage?

A
  1. neuropathy
    - pain or loss of feeling in body parts
    -can cause changes in digestion, bowels, bladder, libido, sweating
  2. dementia
    - brain vascular lesions, IR, glycation end products
    -inflammation
    -competitiion of insulin and beta amyloid on insulin degrading enzyme
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why does high blood glucose levels cause so many health complications?

A
  1. Glycosylation of proteins
  2. increased polyols
  3. incr NADH/NAD ratio
  4. glycogen accumulation
  5. dyslipidemia
  6. increased risk of oxidation

explain WHY these do what they do

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Whats the overall goal of medical management of diabetes

A

maintain glucose as normal as possible via combinations of meds, PA and diet regimens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treatment for diabetes

A

t1= insulin
t2= hypoglycemic agents or insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Whats important to monitor as a diabetic

A
  1. blood glucose levels - fasted and 2 hrs post prandial
  2. hemoglobin A1c - marker of 3 month glucose control
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ideally what percentage shoukd an adult diabetic have of hemoglobin 1Ac

A

7% or less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

who would require insulin as a DM patient

A
  1. type 1
  2. type 2 with mixed therapy
  3. GDM that cant be controlled with diet/PA
  4. pre-existing DM pregnant woman
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

types of insulin regimens

A
  1. conventional (fixed doses, match diet to insulin
  2. sliding scale (reactive, adjusted to blood glucose)
  3. Intensive insulin therapy (basal/bolus/ correction)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how many units insulin does it require to drop blood glucose

A

1 unit drops blood glucose by 50mg/dL

17
Q

what are risks of taking insulin

A
  1. hypoglycemia
  2. weight gain
  3. diabulimia
17
Q

what type of patient would specifically need oral intake of insulin?

A
  1. type 2 who cant control with exercise and diet
  2. combination diabetes (had t1 and then become IR)
18
Q

Forms of insulin? how are they categorized

A

via onset and duration of actio n
1. basal - rapid, during meals
2. bolus - int/long acting, once a day

19
Q

what scenario would you skip lifestyle changes and jump directly to oral insulin medication?

A

if Hb1Ac is greater than or equal to 8.5 percent

20
Q

what are the types of oral medication given to a diabetic?

A
  1. DPP4 inhibitors
  2. SGLT2 inhibitors
  3. GLP-1 receptor agonists
21
Q

How do SGLT2 inhibitors reduce blood glucose

A

inhibits SGLT2 protein in kidney
which is responsible for absorbing glucose from urine back into blood stream

22
Q

how do glp 1 agonists help lower high blood glucose

A

promote glp1 activity
- more satiety = increased insulin release and decreased glucose release

23
Q

how do DPP4 inhibitors decrease high blood glucose

A

DPP4 inhibits incretin and glp1
so by inhibiting DPP4, more glp1 and incretin is released = more insulin release

24
Q

is there a way to cure diabetes?

A

pre-diabetic: yes prevent thru lifestyle changes
t1D: pancreas transplant
t2D: bariatric or remission if lose weight but has to be recent diagnosis

NUTR 3090 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions