DM - Comorbidities

Question 1

2018 Prevention Guidelines Tool CV Risk

Answer 1

• 10-year ASCVD risk for Black & non-Hispanic white men & women 40-79 yo
• Other ethnic ancestry groups, use non-Hispanic white calculation

Question 2

Blood Pressure Target

Answer 2

Goal = < 130/80 mmHg

Question 2

Therapeutic lifestyle modifications for BP treatment

Answer 2

— Dietary Approaches to Stop
Hypertension (DASH) diet
OR
— Other low-salt diet (eg Mediterranean)
+
— Physical activity

Question 2

Risk enhancers for ASCVD risk calculation

Answer 2

— Current LDL-C 160-189 mg/dl; non-HDL-C 190-219 mg/dL
— FHx of early ASCVD (♂<55 yo, ♀ <65 yo)
— Metabolic syndrome
— Chronic kidney disease
— Chronic inflammatory conditions
— History of pre-eclampsia or early menopause
— High-risk ethnicity (e.g. South Asian Ancestry)

Question 2

Biomechanical complications of obesity

Answer 2

• Dismotility/disability
• GERD
• Lung function defects
• Osteoarthritis
• Sleep apnea
• Urinary incontinence

Question 3

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Risk Factors

Answer 3

— Obesity
— Male sex
— Neck circumference >44 cm
— Age
— Narrowed airway
— Family history
— Hypertension
— Alcohol or sedatives
— Smoking

Question 4

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment Options

Answer 4

— Weight loss
— Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

— Additional options:
— Adjustable airway pressure devices
— Oral mandibular advancement appliances
— Surgery