DLA9- Antiparasitics Flashcards
list the common drugs used to treat protozoal infections, separate by type
Luminal: diloxanide furoate, iodoquinol, paromycin
Systemic: chloroquine, emetine/dehydroemetine
Mixed: metronidazole, tinidazole
list the goals for anti-protozoal therapy
- eliminate invader: trophozoites
- eradicate intestinal carriage of organism
Asymptomatic intestinal protozoal infection:
- (1) DOC
- (2) alternatives
1- diloxanide furoate
2- iodoquinol, paromomycin
Mild-Moderate intestinal protozoal infection:
- (1) DOC
- (2) alternatives
1- diloxanide furoate + metronidazole
2- diloxanide furoate + tinidazole / tetracycline / erythromycin
Severe intestinal protozoal infection:
- (1) DOC
- (2) alternatives
1- diloxanide furoate + metronidazole/ tinidazole
2- diloxanide furoate + emetine, dihydroemetine / tetracycline
Hepatic Abscess / other extraintestinal protozoal infection:
- (1) DOC
- (2) alternatives
1- diloxanide furoate + metronidazole/ tinidazole
2- diloxanide furoate + emetine / dihydroemetine + Chloroquine
______ is useful in Giardiasis Tx
(giardia lambia)
Nitroimidazoles: metronidazole, tinidazole
______ is useful in Trichomoniasis
(trichomonas vaginalis)
Nitroimidazoles: metronidazole, tinidazole
PCP Tx
- *Cotrimoxazole: trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole
- pentamidine
- dapsone
- atovaquone
list the luminal anti-protozoal agents
- diloxanide furoate
- iodoquinol
- paromycin
list the systemic anti-protozoal agents
- chloroquine
- emetine / dihydroemetine
list the mixed anti-protozoal agents
(treats luminal and systemic diseases)
Nitroimidazoles: metronidazole, tinidazole
list general anti-helminthic agents
- benzimidazoles
- ivermectin
- diethylcarbamazine
- pyrantel pamoate
- praziquantel
- niclosamide
Benzimidazoles:
- (1) agents — * the most toxic
- (2) MOA
- (3) contraindications
1- albendazole, mebendazole, *thiabendazole
2- inhibits MT synthesis and glucose uptake
3- pregnancy, children <2y/o
______ is the anti-helmithic agent that is a GABA agonist:
- explain MOA
- include contraindications
Ivermectin:
- GABA agonist –> Cl- influx –> hyperpolarization and death of parasite
- Contraindicated in pregnancy, meningitis
______ is the anti-helmithic agent that immobilizes microfiliariae
diethylcarbamazine
______ is the anti-helmithic agent that inc Ca permeability
- explain MOA
- include contraindications
Pyrantel Pamoate:
- inc Ca cell permeability –> prolonged contraction –> eventual paralysis –> detachment of suckers from tissue wall
- Contraindicated in pregnancy, lactation
______ is the anti-helmithic agent that inhibits mitochondrial phosphorylation of ADP
- explain MOA
- include possible contraindications
Niclosamide:
- inhibits ADP phosphorylation
- inhibits anaerobic metabolism
- lethal for scolex, not ova
-maybe contraindicated in pregnancy, children <2y/o
______ are the main Nematode drugs, list in order of most used
1) Benzimidazoles: albendazole, mebendazole
2) pyrantel pamoate
3) ivermectin, diethycarbamazine
______ are the main Trematode drugs
Schistoma spp.: Praziquantel
Clonorchis sinesis: Praziquantel, albendazole
______ are the main Cestode drugs, list in order of most used
1) praziquantel
2) niclosamide
3) Benzimidazoles: albendazole, mebendazole
