DKA Flashcards
What is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
A serious complication of diabetes characterized by high blood sugar, ketones in the urine, and acidosis.
True or False: DKA can occur in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
True
What are the common symptoms of DKA?
Symptoms include excessive thirst, frequent urination, nausea, abdominal pain, weakness, and confusion.
Fill in the blank: The primary cause of DKA is a lack of __________.
insulin
What is the typical blood glucose level in a patient with DKA?
Typically greater than 250 mg/dL.
Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly seen in DKA?
Hypokalemia (low potassium levels) is commonly seen.
What is the role of ketones in DKA?
Ketones are produced as a byproduct of fat metabolism, leading to acidosis.
What laboratory test is used to confirm acidosis in DKA?
Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis.
True or False: DKA can lead to cerebral edema.
True
What is the initial treatment for DKA?
The initial treatment includes intravenous fluids and insulin therapy.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a precipitating factor for DKA? A) Infection B) Missed insulin doses C) Dehydration D) Excessive exercise
D) Excessive exercise
What is the anion gap, and why is it important in DKA?
The anion gap helps to assess the severity of metabolic acidosis in DKA.
Fill in the blank: Patients with DKA often present with __________ respiration, also known as Kussmaul breathing.
deep
What is the recommended rate of fluid replacement in DKA?
1 to 1.5 liters in the first hour, depending on the patient’s needs.
True or False: Insulin therapy should be started immediately after diagnosis of DKA.
True
What is the target blood glucose level for patients receiving treatment for DKA?
The target is usually to lower blood glucose to around 150-200 mg/dL.
What is the significance of monitoring potassium levels in DKA treatment?
Potassium levels can drop rapidly with insulin therapy, which can lead to life-threatening arrhythmias.
What is the potential complication of rapid correction of hyperglycemia in DKA?
Cerebral edema.
What is the long-term management strategy to prevent DKA in diabetic patients?
Regular monitoring of blood glucose and adherence to insulin regimen.
Fill in the blank: DKA is more common in __________ diabetes.
type 1
What is the role of bicarbonate therapy in DKA?
Bicarbonate therapy is generally not recommended unless severe acidosis is present.
What are the signs of dehydration in a patient with DKA?
Signs include dry mucous membranes, tachycardia, and hypotension.
True or False: DKA can be resolved in a few hours with appropriate treatment.
False; resolution typically takes several hours to days.
What is the importance of patient education in managing diabetes to prevent DKA?
Education helps patients recognize symptoms and understand the importance of insulin adherence.
