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DJ 8th Grade > DJ 8th Grade Civics Chapter 2 Test Reveiw > Flashcards

DJ 8th Grade Civics Chapter 2 Test Reveiw Flashcards

1
Q

During the _________, some political thinkers wanted to apply scientific laws to people and society

A

enlightenment

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2
Q

Why did the Puritans found the colony of Massachussets

A

To set up a society that would accord with what they believed to be God’s wishes (religious freedom)

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3
Q

Which freedom did Puritans deny to others in Massachusetts?

A

Freedom of religion other than the Puritan way

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4
Q

What did indentured servants promise in exchange for their passage to America? (Name all the things).

A

They said they were going to work so they planted and harvest crops. Work from 4-7 years until their debt was paid.

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5
Q

The puritans settled in Massachussetts because they wanted freedom of

A

religion

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6
Q

When did democracy develop? (How did it develop over time? All at once? sporadically? gradually? etc.)

A

Gradually, democfracy has been developed over time. Beginning in the Jewish religion, then Greeks created the worlds first democracy in 400 BC

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7
Q

Define Consuls

A

An official appointed by government to live in a foreign city and protect and promote the governments citizens and interests there

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8
Q

The principle established by the Magna Carta was __________ government

A

limited

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9
Q

How did a power struggle between the king and Parliament lead to civil war in the 1600’s?

A

When King Charles ! failed to uphold the terms of the agreement. The terms of agreement that Parliament forced him to sign.

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10
Q

Which ideas ent thinkers

A

Social Contract, Natural Rights

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11
Q

What was the purpose of the Mayflower Compact

A

To seek religious freedom

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12
Q

Which type of government was established by the Mayflower Compact

A

A direct dimocracy

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13
Q

Which belief did English colonists bring with them to America?

A

They brought their traditions, beliefs, and changes that had shaped their government.

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14
Q

According to the Magna Carta, what did the king have to do (the process) if he wanted to create a new tax on the nobility?

A

He had to get their consent

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15
Q

What made Jamestown’s government a representative democracy?

A

The House of Burgesses marked the beginning of the representative democracy in colonial America.

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16
Q

How did the signing of the English Bill of Rights change English government?

A

The signing of the English Bill of Rights signaled the end of the struggle between Parliament and the monarch.

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17
Q

According to Thomas Hobbes, what was the social contract?

A

He believed that an agreement, called a social contract existed between government and the people.

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18
Q

Most settlers came to America looking for what?

A

They came to look for money for their company.

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19
Q

John Locke believed that all people were born with natural rights that governments must protect. What were three of those rights?

A

Rights to life, freedom, and to own property

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20
Q

How did Parliament begin?

A

Kings who came after John were advised by nobles and church officials. Gradually, this group grew to include representatives of common people as well. By 1300’s, advisers become legislative and called it Parliament.

21
Q

What was the relationship between the king and Parliament during Parliaments first 300 years?

A

Parliament had some influence, but ultimately England’s monarch’s remained strong those 300 years.

22
Q

The romans put their government in the hands of a body called the _______. This body elected two ______ to lead the government.

A

patricians, consuls

23
Q

Thomas hobbes believed peopled needed a strong government leader because…?

A

They were too selfish to rule themselves

24
Q

On which ancient Jewish principle is democracy based?

A

Every person has worth.

25
Q

In a __________ democracy, citizens choose leaders to govern for them. In a _______ democracy, citizens govern themselves.

A

representative, direct

26
Q

How did the signing of the English Bill of Rights change English government?

A

Limited the King’s power

27
Q

What was the Glorious Revolution?

A

1688 - King James II forced by Parliament from the throne and William and Mary ruled instead

28
Q

Which rules were set down in the English Bill of Rights?

A

English citizens had rights that no one could violate, Citizens had the right to a fair trial, and Citizens couldn’t be taxed unless agreed upon by Parliament.

29
Q

According to John Locke, what did it mean if a government failed to protect people’s rights?

A

The social contract would be broken and then people could choose new leaders.

30
Q

How did the government of Jamestown work?

A

It was ruled by a governor and council, and everybody was forced to work for the Virginia Company.

31
Q

What was significant about First Continental Congress?

A

In 1774, delegates or representatives from 12 different colonies met in Philadelphia to plan a United response to the Coercive Acts. They didn’t pass laws like Congress does today. They also organized a total boycott of British goods and banned trade with Britain.

32
Q

What was significant about the Second Continental Congress?

A

They met again in 1775, in April, troops fought at Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts. They also split with Britain which led to people protesting.

33
Q

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

A

Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston, and John Adams.

34
Q

Who was Thomas Paine?

A

Thomas Paine was a man who published the pamphlet named “Common Sense” in 1776

35
Q

What were the Common Sense pamphlets?

A

They were 47 pages of Thomas Paine advocating independence from Great Britain top people in the 13 colonies.

36
Q

How many Common Sense pamphlets were sold?

A

Over 500,000.

37
Q

Who was the king of England during the 1st and 2nd Continental Congress?

A

King George III

38
Q

What did the signers of the Mayflower Compact agree to do?

A

They agreed to establish a direct democracy in colonial America.

39
Q

What action were the writers and signers of this document (Mayflower Compact) taking?

A

They held open town meetings to discuss problems and make decisions.

40
Q

How did the colonies respond to the Coercive Acts?

A

They called the Acts “Intolerable Acts.”

41
Q

What was so unusual about the Puritan practice of expelling from their colony those who would not worship as they did?

A

It was unusual because they are still worshipping the same God.

42
Q

Why did Montesquieu believe in the separation of powers?

A

He believed that the power of the government should be divided into branches and that not one branch should be stronger than the others.

43
Q

What practice of problem-solving and decision-making established by the English colonists in Plymouth continues today in much of New England.

A

The Stamp Act.

44
Q

Define boycott.

A

A withdraw from commercial or social relation with a country as a punishment or protest.

45
Q

Define repeal.

A

Revoke.

46
Q

Define proclamation.

A

One who opposes official or commonly held views.

47
Q

Define dissenter.

A

One who opposes official or commonly held views.

48
Q

Define indentured servant.

A

A person who signs and is bound to work for a specified time. Are fed and paid.

49
Q

Who was King James II?

A

The King of England who was forced off the throne in 1688.

DJ 8th Grade (5 decks)

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