DIY Definitions

Question 1

A posteriori

Answer 1

truths are contingent matters of fact that must be experienced to be known.

Question 2

A priori

Answer 2

This type of knowledge is universally valid so it is not contingent on the observations of individuals.

Question 3

Aesthetics

Answer 3

the theory of beauty and philosophy of art

Question 4

Agnosticism

Answer 4

In terms of God’s existence, those who avoid taking a stance in the theological and metaphysical debate.

Question 5

Asceticism

Answer 5

lifestyle of extreme minimalism, where a person renounces all materialistic possessions to devote all time and thought to their spiritual beliefs or religion

Question 6

Atomism

Answer 6

Everything in the universe is composed of tiny, indivisible
particles.

Question 7

Determinism

Answer 7

All events in nature are inevitable

Question 8

Dharma

Answer 8

A person’s duty or the right way of living

Question 9

Empiricism

Answer 9

Being known directly from reality and or experience. Any theory is only valid if it can factually be justified by something within the senses

Question 10

Epistemology

Answer 10

Branch of philosophy that explores the theory of knowledge

Question 11

Ethics

Answer 11

What is morally righteous from morally corrupt, good from bad, and just from unjust.

Question 12

Fideism

Answer 12

Philosophical school of thought which asserts that faith is independent of reason, and can even go as far to claim that faith and reason oppose each other.

Question 13

Hedonism

Answer 13

Pleasure is the most powerful motivator for behavior.

Question 14

Idealism

Answer 14

The foundation of reality is mental, meaning that mind, spirit, and thought take precedence over the physical nature of the world.

Question 15

Hermeticism

Answer 15

Emphasizes the pursuit of hidden knowledge specifically through mystical insight into oneself

Question 16

Manichaeism

Answer 16

dualistic ideology regarding the divine

Question 17

Materialism

Answer 17

All natural phenomena, including human consciousness, can be explained through physical matter.

Question 18

Metaphysics

Answer 18

Attempting to answer the questions of the meaning of existence, what can exist, how time and space work together, how events precede each other, and more.

Question 19

Mind-Body Dualism

Answer 19

The metaphysical idea that the mind and body are distinct entities, each with a different nature and responsibility.

Question 20

Monism

Answer 20

The philosophical idea that all of existence is unified in a type of oneness.

Question 21

Normativity

Answer 21

The justification for our reasoning, to defend why we think or act the way we do.

Question 22

Panpsychism

Answer 22

The idea that everything can be seen as having a mind or mind-like
qualities

Question 23

Philosophy

Answer 23

ideas surrounding human existence, truth, and reason

Question 24

Positivism

Answer 24

“fact” is based purely on what we know based on our own experience

Question 25

Rationalism

Answer 25

prioritizes reason and intellect over experiences as the primary sources of knowledge

Question 26

Skepticism

Answer 26

It is the idea that nothing can be certain or assumed, leaving one to question all claims.