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Biology Unit One > Divison and Differentiation in Human Cells > Flashcards

Divison and Differentiation in Human Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are Somatic Cells?

A

They are differentiated and derived from stem cells.

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2
Q

What are Germline Cells?

A

Produce gametes and gamete mother cells

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3
Q

What do Somatic Cells do?

A

They divide by mitosis to form more somatic cells.

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4
Q

What do Germline Cells do?

A

They divide by both mitosis and meiosis.

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5
Q

What do Germline Cells produce when dividing by mitosis?

A

Diploid Germline Cells (2n)

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6
Q

What do Germline Cells produce when dividing by meiosis?

A

Haploid Gametes (n)

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7
Q

What are the two types of Somatic Cell?

A

Epithelial Tissue Cells
Connective Tissue Cells

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8
Q

What do Epithelial Tissue Cells do?

A

They cover the body’s surface and lines body cavities.

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9
Q

What do Connective Tissue Cells do?

A

They connect, support, bind, or seperate tissues and organs.

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10
Q

What is Cellular Differentiation?

A

The process by which a cell expresses certain genes to produce protein characteristics for that type of cell - allowing it to carry out specialised functions.

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11
Q

How does a cell become differentiated?

A

Certain genes within it are either ‘switched on’ or ‘switched off’

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12
Q

What do genes code for?

A

Proteins

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13
Q

What are the two types of Stem Cells?

A

Embryonic stem cells
Tissue stem cells

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14
Q

What are Embryonic stem cells?

A

Derived from the embryo, and can differentiate into all cell types; they are pluripotent.

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15
Q

What are Tissue stem cells?

A

Involved in the growth, repair, and renewal of the cells they are found in. Can only differentiate into tissues near them; they are multipotent.

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16
Q

What is a therapeutic use of stem cells?

A

Reparing damaged or diseased organs or tissues. Skin grafts.

17
Q

What is a research use of stem cells?

A

Being used as model cells to study how diseases develop - or used for drug testing.

18
Q

What is an ethical issue of using embryonic stem cells?

A

Many argur that embryo’s have human rights and it is wrong to create a human life simply for scientific research.

19
Q

What is an oposing argrument for the use of embryonic stem cells?

A

They have the potential to discover cures for diseases, for which there are currently none.

20
Q

What do cancer cells not respond to?

A

Regulatory signals.

21
Q

What do cancer cells result in?

A

A mass of abnormal cells called a tumor.

22
Q

If they fail to attach to eachother, what type of tumor is produced?

A

A secondary tumor (which soreads throughout the body)

Biology Unit One (7 decks)

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