Divisions of the trunk

Question 1

list all the regions of the mediastinum

Answer 1

superior

inferior

• anterior
• middle
• posterior

Question 2

the junction between the superior and inferior mediastinum is defined by:

Answer 2

sternal angle (T4)

Question 3

which of these is NOT in the superior mediastinum?

a) azgyous vein
b) trachea
c) superior portion of thymus
d) oesophagus

Answer 3

a

Question 4

the anterior portion of the mediastinum contains:

Answer 4

inferior portion of thymus, small vessels

Question 5

the middle portion of the mediastinum contains all but:

a) pericardial sac
b) phrenic nerves
c) heart
d) thoracic duct

Answer 5

d

Question 6

the acronym DATES stands for all the parts of the posterior mediastinum, what are they?

Answer 6

Descending aorta 
Azygous vein/system 
Thoracic duct 
Eosophagus 
Sympathetic trunk/nerves

Question 7

true or false: the diaphragm attaches to the back of the xyphoid process and the lower 6 costal cartilages

Answer 7

true

Question 8

true or false: the diaphragm attaches to all arcuate ligaments as well as the left and right crura that join them

Answer 8

true

Question 9

the central tendon of the diaphragm attaches to:

Answer 9

the base of the pericardial sac

Question 10

the lateral arcuate ligament arises from ______ _____.
the medial arcuate ligament arises from ______ _____.
the median arcuate ligament arises from ____ and ____ ____.

Answer 10

quadratus lumborum
psoas major
left and right crus

Question 11

the median arcuate ligament wraps over the ____

Answer 11

aorta

Question 12

true or false: the splanchnic nerves go through the IVC at T8

Answer 12

false: go through the left and right crus

Question 13

T8 IVC opening can sometimes have what go through with it:

Answer 13

the right phrenic nerve

Question 14

“C3-C5 keeps the diaphragm alive” refers to what?

Answer 14

the phrenic nerves

Question 15

T10 Oesophageal hiatus lets through what?

Answer 15

vagal plexus travels on the trunk, then when enters abdominal cavity splits into anterior and posterior vagal trunks

Question 16

what goes through T12?

Answer 16

Aortic Hiatus:

DATS: Descending aorta, azygous vein, thoracic duct, sympathetic trunk

Question 17

the thoracic duct is between:

Answer 17

the azygous vein and the aorta

Question 18

true or false: the oesophageal hiatus is in front of the aortic hiatus

Answer 18

true

Question 19

splanchnic nerves are pre-ganglionic nerves from the _____ _____ and synapse in the abdomen.

Answer 19

sympathetic trunk

Question 20

which of these is NOT a function of the quadratus lumborum:

a) stabilises spine
b) lateral flexion
c) used in expiration
d) prevents rotation in the anterior plane of the pelvis

Answer 20

d

Question 21

quadratus lumborum goes from ____ to the ____ _____

Answer 21

rib 12, iliac crest

Question 22

psoas major joins the _____ to form the iliopsoas at the femur

Answer 22

iliacus

Question 23

which of these is NOT a function of the psoas major:

a) flexion of the hip joint
b) lateral rotation
c) used in expiration
d) weak adduction of the hip

Answer 23

c

Question 24

what vessels supply the diaphragm?

Answer 24

inferior phrenic artery + musculophrenic artery