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Histopathology > Divisions of Pathology > Flashcards

Divisions of Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Pathology means?

A

Study of suffering/Study of Disease

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2
Q

Whole meaning of Pathology is?

A

It is the study and diagnosis of diseases through examination of surgically removed tissues, body fluids or whole body.

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3
Q

5 areas of study in pathology

A
  • Cellular adaptation to injury
  • Wound healing
  • Inflammation
  • Necrosis
  • Neoplasia
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4
Q

Anatomic Pathology is?

A

It is the study of the effect of diseases on the structure of body organs, both as a whole or microscopically.

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5
Q

What is the primary role of Anatomic Pathology?

A

Identify abnormalities that can help diagnose disease and manage treatment.

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6
Q

What are the 4 branches of Anatomic Pathology?

A
  • Surgical Pathology
  • Autopsy
  • Cytopathology
  • Molecular Pathology
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7
Q

It is the most significant and time consuming branch of Anatomic Pathology.

A

Surgical Pathology

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8
Q

What is the primary focus of surgical pathology?

A

Examining tissues with the naked eye or under the microscope for definitive diagnosis of disease.

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9
Q

Histopathology involves?

A

Examination of tissues under the microscope.

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10
Q

Biopsy is?

A

Removing a piece of tissue or sample of cells from your body so that it can be analyzed in the laboratory.

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11
Q

What are the 5 types of biopsy used for cancer diagnosis?

A
  • Bone marrow biopsy
  • Endoscopic biopsy
  • Needle biopsy
  • Skin biopsy
  • Surgical biopsy
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12
Q

What is bone marrow biopsy for?

A

It is for the diagnosis of blood problems, cancerous or non-cancerous, such as leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma.

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13
Q

What is endoscopic biopsy?

A

The tube used in endoscopic biopsy is inserted in the rectum, mouth, urinary tract or small incision in the skin.

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14
Q

Examples of endoscopic biopsy

A
  • Cystoscopy (bladder)
  • Bronchoscopy (lungs)
  • Colonoscopy (colon)
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15
Q

What is Needle biopsy?

A

It is used for tumors that can be felt under the skin such as breast lumps and enlarged lymph nodes.

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16
Q

When used with _______ such as ______, where can needle biopsy be used?

A

When used with imaging techniques such as X-ray, it can used to examine suspicious areas that can’t be felt under the skin.

17
Q

Procedures of needle biopsy?

A
  • Fine needle biopsy
  • Core needle biopsy
  • Vacuum assisted biopsy
  • Image guided biopsy
18
Q

What is skin biopsy?

A

It is in the cutaneous part wherein skin cells are removed from the surface of the skin to diagnose skin conditions.

19
Q

5 examples of skin biopsy

A
  • Shave biopsy
  • Punch biopsy
  • Incisional biopsy
  • Excisional biopsy
20
Q

What is surgical biopsy?

A

It removes part of an abnormal area of cells (incisional biopsy) or an entire area of abnormal cells (excisional biopsy).

21
Q

What is FFPE

A

Formalin-fixed, Paraffin-embedded. It is a type of technique wherein the tissue sample is places in a formalin which fixes it via cross-linking of proteins. It was then dehydrated and put in a paraffin wax where it hardens and is cut into thin pieces via microtome and placed in a slide. It was then stained with special reagents.

22
Q

What is Frozen section?

A

It is where fixation, processing and embedding are bypassed due to crucial time. It can distort cells and some staining artifact.

23
Q

What can be done in frozen section to avoid distortion and save time?

A

Imprint smears or touch preps wherein the cut section is pressed onto the slide.

24
Q

What are the 4 special techniques?

A
  • Special staining
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Genetic techniques and other novel ideas
  • Electron microscopy
25
Q

What is special staining?

A

Special stains are used to highlight fat, mucus, fibers or microbes that are key elements in identifying the characteristics of certain diseases.

26
Q

What is Immunohistochemistry?

A

It is more specific because it uses antibodies that are developed to recognize specific markers on or within the cell. These antibodies are bound to certain markers that identifies key cellular elements associated with diseases.

27
Q

What is used in genetic testing?

A

Fluorescent in-situ hybridization technique that is used to detect chromosomal translocation or deletion. It is used to guide therapy of malignant tumors.

28
Q

What is autopsy?

A

It is the thorough examination of a corpse to identify cause or manner of death and any diseases or injuries present.

29
Q

Principal aim of autopsy?

A
  • cause of death
  • diseases present
  • medical diagnosis and treatment is appropriate
30
Q

What is cytopathology?

A

It studies and diagnoses diseases on the cellular level such as cancer and other infectious diseases.

31
Q

What cells are used in cytopathology?

A
  • free cells that spontaneously exfoliate
  • removed by abrasion
  • fine needle biopsy
32
Q

It is a routine technique in cytopathology that used free cells shed from body surfaces. Give an example.

A

Exfoliative cytopathology, example is Pap smear.

33
Q

What is the other routine technique in cytopathology?

A

Fine needle aspiration that used fine needle to evaluate presence of normal or abnormal cells. Type of material is liquid or loose packed cell mass.

34
Q

2 special techniques under cytopathology?

A
  • Cytometry

- Immunocythochemistry

35
Q

What is molecular pathology?

A

It examines molecules in cells, tissues or body fluids. It is used to monitor patient’s response to anti-cancer therapy.

36
Q

It deals with measurement of chemical constituents of blood and body fluids, analyze blood cells, identify microbes for diagnose diseases.

A

Clinical Pathology or Laboratory Medicine

37
Q

What is a pathologist?

A

It interprets and diagnose changes caused by diseases in the body.

38
Q

What is a histotechnologist?

A

They prepare tissue samples for analysis.

Histopathology (1 decks)

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