Division In France 1791-94

Question 1

How was France Politically divided 1791-4?

Answer 1

1791 : emigres vs constitutional monarchists vs growing calls for republic
1782 :

Question 2

How was France Religiously divided 1791-4?

Answer 2

1791

Question 3

How was France Socially divided 1791-4?

Answer 3

1792

Question 4

How did the king cause political divisions?

Answer 4

EMIGRES vs CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHISTS vs REPUBLIC CALLS

king not figure of national unity, created not contained divisions. Extent to which worsen is impacted by way they were handled by those in power

• attempt to leave France FtV, enormous political divisions, king shown no intention of trying to make constitutional monarchy worse, uncertainty of intentions. Return with army of emigres to overthrow rev? Deepen opposition. Left letter behind, provided those who favoured a republic hard evidence that the king could not be trusted to uphold constitutional role said king only enjoyed a “Vain Semblance” of royalty & complained about CCC
• led to petition of Champs de Mars shaped by Danton, argued that king had abdicated, by leaving he had stepped down and lost authority to govern in France. Growth of republicanism

• also led to growth of emigres (oppose rev), lasts throughout Rev, they leave with intent of trying to return possible with army to overthrow rev itself.
King with ? Loyalty, lots of people (even brothers Comte d’Artois, Comte de Provenace) form part of external enemies. Emigre army forming abroad (soldiers left too)

• Also led to Declaration of Pillnitz, gesture by holy Roman emporer, Austrians would rescue king if other European powers would join them. Unlikely, preoccupied (div of Poland) gave impression that the king had shown disloyalty. Looked like enlisting foreign powers to restore
King destabilised rev and caused growing divisions of those who trusted him & not

• Spet oath to constitution to resume position. Nov 1791 block legislation designed to deal with counter Revolutioaries. 2 in Nov
• Nov 1791 Legislative Assembly passed 2 laws: refractory priests considered suspects of counter rev & emigres who did not return to France by Jan 1972 would be declared traitors and have property seized. King vetoed both, sabotaging an early attempt to restore trust in his commitment to the rev
• Jacobin club spilt over republicanism. Ribs for 1st time was in favour. Minority but growing

Question 5

How did the king cause religious divisions?

Answer 5

• king unhappy with religious beliefs, unhappy with Civil Constitution of the Clergy, put church under state, Pope refused to accept, instructed bishops and priests the not take oath
• unable to take Easter mass 1791, prompted deduction to attempt to leave France
• kings piers reduced in CCC did not have ability to rule absolute, felt revolutionaries seized powers that did not belong to them, recluctant, only got suspensive veto- can only delay legislation. Has to share powers with new Legislative assembly, Sept 1791

Question 6

1791

Answer 6

• Most moderate, probs emerging, constitutional monarchy fragile in foundation