Division 6: Construction & Evaluation Flashcards
What are the five major types of project delivery systems?
Design-bid-build
Construction manager as adviser
Construction manager as constructor
Design-build
Integrated project delivery
Regardless of the project delivery system, the architect’s duties will include assisting in the selection of a contractor and in controlling costs. True or false?
True
Which is the traditional method of delivery for completing a project?
Design-bid-build
What are the architect’s responsibilities in a design-bid-build project?
Designing the project
Completing construction drawings
Writing specifications
Estimating costs
Assisting in the bidding process
Competitive bidding usually results in the lowest construction cost. True or false?
True
In competitive bidding, what do clearly defined guidelines protect the owner from?
Disreputable contractors and unethical bidding practices
What factors determine a bidder’s prequalification?
Financial qualifications
Personnel
Experience
References
Size of firm
Bonding capability
Special qualities that make them particularly suited for the project
When a project is open for bidding with no prequalification requirements, how are bidders notified?
An advertisement for bids is published in newspapers, trade journals, or online publications.
When a project is open for bidding with prequalification requirements, how are bidders notified?
The owner sends an invitation to bid to each prequalified bidder.
Who usually writes the advertisement for bids?
Architect
What should an advertisement for bids include?
The fact that a call for bids is being made
Project name and location
Names and addresses of the owner and architect
Project description
When and where bids are due
How and where bidding documents can be obtained, if any
How and where a deposit is required, if any
Type and amount of bid bonds required
Procedures for submitting bids
Whether or not the bids will be opened publicly
The owner’s right to waive irregularities of the bidding process, if needed
The owner’s right to accept bids other than the lowest, if needed
Advertising for bids if usually not required for public work. True or false?
False
What is an addendum?
A written or graphic document, issued by the architect during the bid period prior to the execution of the contract, that modifies or interprets the bidding documents by addition, deletion, clarification, or correction.
By when are addenda required to be communicated?
No more than 4 or 5 days before receipt of bids, to give the bidders ample opportunity to study them and modify proposals accordingly.
What is a pre-bid conference?
A meeting during which the bidders can ask questions and the architect and owner can emphasize important conditions of the project
After a pre-bid conference, answers to significant questions received during the conference should be formalized in an addendum. True or false?
True
What is AIA Document A701?
Instructions to Bidders
What is a bid opening?
A formal gathering, conducted by the architect with the owner and bidders present, where the received bids are opened and read aloud.
What is a bid log?
A document prepared by the architect for noting pertinent information from a bid opening. This information includes the presence or absence of any required supporting documentation, the base bid amount, the amounts of alternatives (if any), and whether receipt of addenda was acknowledged.
To whom should bid logs be made available to?
Bidders in both open and private biddings.
The architect typically announces the apparent lowest bid at the bid opening. True or false?
False
After a bid opening, how long does it usually take to evaluate the bids then make a decision of award?
7 to 10 days
What are some criteria the architect and owner might use when evaluating opened bids?
Complete documentation
Insurance
Prices for alternates
Proposed subcontractors
Qualification statements
Bid bonds
When a decision of award is made, it should be sent to all of the bidders who submitted bids. True or false?
True
If the owner-architect agreement fixes a limit on construction, what are the owner’s options if all bids exceed the project budget?
The owner may rebid the project, which requires the architect to assist in the process a second time with no additional compensation.
The owner may authorize an increase in the construction cost and proceed with the project.
The owner may work with the architect in revising the scope of the project to reduce costs, which requires the architect to redesign, revise, and rebid with no additional compensation.
The owner may abandon the project.
What do the bidding documents usually include?
Advertisement to bid
Instructions to bidders
Supplementary instructions to bidders (if any)
Bid forms
Bid security information
Performance bond (if required)
Labor and material payment bond (if required)
Qualifications forms
Proposed subcontractor list form
Certificates of insurance
Certificates of compliance with applicable laws and regulations
Geotechnical data
Apart from the bidding documents, what else might the bidding package include?
Drawings
Specifications
General and supplementary conditions of the contract
Special conditions (if any)
Addenda
Form of agreement between owner and contractor
What is included in the instructions to bidders?
Procedures and requirements that bidders must follow in submitting bids
How bids will be considered
Submittals required of the successful bidder
What 10 articles are included in the instructions to bidders?
Bidder’s Representations
Bidding Documents
Interpretation or Correction of Bidding Documents
Substitutions
Addenda
Bidding Procedures
Modification or Withdrawal of Bid
Consideration of Bids
Post-Bid Information
Performance and Payment Bonds
In the instructions to bidders, what does the article, Bidder’s Representations, entail?
Statements by the bidder that the documents have been read and understood, the plans and specifications have been reviewed, and the site has been visited
In the instructions to bidders, what does the article, Bidding Documents, entail?
Statements about where documents may be obtained, how many sets bidders may have, and the deposit amount, if any
In the instructions to bidders, what does the article, Interpretation or Correction of Bidding Documents, entail?
Requirements of the contractor to carefully study the documents and site conditions and to report any errors discovered to the architect
In the instructions to bidders, what does the article, Substitutions, entail?
Processes and conditions under which bidders can propose alternatives to specified materials, equipment, products, or methods
In the instructions to bidders, what does the article, Addenda, entail?
Processes for handling amendments, clarifications, or modifications to the bidding documents during the bidding process
In the instructions to bidders, what does the article, Bidding Procedures, entail?
How the bid form should be completed, what kind of bid security should accompany the bid, and how to submit the bid
In the instructions to bidders, what does the article, Modification or Withdrawal of Bid, entail?
Processes and conditions under which bidders can make changes to their submitted bids or withdraw them before the bid submission deadline
In the instructions to bidders, what does the article, Consideration of Bids, entail?
Processes for how submitted bids will be reviewed, assessed, and considered for award
In the instructions to bidders, what does the article, Post-Bid Information, entail?
Requirements and procedures that bidders must follow after the submission and evaluation of bids
In the instructions to bidders, what does the article, Performance and Payment Bonds, entail?
Requirements for submitting bonds or guarantees to ensure that the successful bidder fulfills their contractual obligations
What is bid security?
Financial guarantee provided by a bidder to demonstrate their commitment to their bid and project the client from the risk of a bidder withdrawing or failing
What are three forms of bid security?
Certified check, cashier’s check, and bid bond
What is a surety bond?
A legally binding agreement among three parties (principal, obligee, and surety) that ensures the fulfillment of specific obligations or performance of a duty
What is a performance bond?
A type of surety bond that guarantees that the surety company will complete (or enable completion of) the construction project if the principal (contractor) defaults on their obligations
What are six duties that a construction manager could fulfill in project delivery?
Advising on constructability issues
Providing cost estimating
Establishing the project schedule
Managing the construction contracts
Making early material purchases of items with long lead times
Coordinating and assisting the activities of the owner, architect, and contractor
If the construction manager’s estimate at the conclusion of design development exceeds the owner’s budget, what are the owner’s three options?
Giving written approval to increase the budget for the project
Revising the project program, scope, or quality as needed to reduce the cost
Using mutually acceptable alternatives
What are the architect’s responsibilities when the owner chooses to hire a construction manager as the adviser?
Designing the project while coordinating with the construction manager
Completing construction drawings
Writing specifications
Assisting in the bidding process
What are the architect’s responsibilities when the owner chooses to hire a construction manager as the constructor?
Designing the project while coordinating with the construction manager
Completing construction drawings
Writing specifications
Assisting in the bidding process
What should the architect take into consideration when assisting with the selection of a contractor?
Bidding cost
Previous experience with relevant project types
References from past clients
Personnel experience
Bonding capacity for the types of bonds required
Obtainable insurances
Histories of claims or disputes
Special licensing or certifications
In integrated project delivery (IPD), what is agency review?
Reviews of the project design by the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) and any other permitting agencies
Integrated project delivery (IPD) encourages early involvement with permitting agencies. True or false?
True
In integrated project delivery (IPD), what is buyout?
The process of selecting suppliers and finalizing prices from any remaining subcontractors and vendors, for which the owner and contractor are generally responsible
In design-bid-build projects, how does the quality of construction documents affect incoming bids?
Higher quality documents that are clearly coordinated allow contractors to bid firm prices with more confidence instead of bidding cautiously to cover possible unforeseen items
What is an alternate?
A request included in the bidding documents asking the contractor to give a price for a variation from the base bid
What is an add alternate?
One that increases the base bid
What is a deduct alternate?
One that decreases the base bid
Generally, which of the architect’s usual responsibilities does the construction manager inherit when they are added to a project?
Cost estimating and guaranteeing construction costs
