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Diving Injuries > Diving Injuries > Flashcards

Diving Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What is VENTIDC?

A
  • Visual
  • Ears
  • Nausea
  • Twitching
  • Irritation
  • Dizziness
  • Convulsions
    Used to remember CNS Oxygen Toxicity
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2
Q

What is Barotrauma on descent referred to as?

A

Squeeze

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3
Q

What is barotrauma on ascent called?

A

Reverse Squeeze

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4
Q

What is GRAVE?

A

The five conditions required for “Squeeze” to occur.
* Gas-filled space
* Rigid Walls
* Ambient pressure change
* Vascular Supply
* Enclosed spaces

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5
Q

What is Dalton’s Law?

A

The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures of each of the different gases making up the mixture, with each gas acting as if it alone was present and occupied the total volume.

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6
Q

What is the most gas used for diving and it’s make up?

A

Atmospheric Air
* Nitrogen (N2)- 79%
* Oxygen (O2)- 21%

With minor amounts of
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)

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7
Q

Which one states that “At constant temperature, the absolute pressure and the volume of gas are inversely proportional”?

A

Boyle’s Law

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8
Q

What is Charles’/Gay-Lussac’s Law?

A

At a constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the change in the absolute temperature.

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9
Q

“The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures of each of the different gases making up the mixture, with each gas acting as if it alone was present and occupied the total volume.” Defines which law?

A

Dalton’s Law

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10
Q

What is Henry’s Law?

A

The amount of any given gas that will dissolve in a liquid at a given temperature is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas.

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11
Q

“The amount of any given gas that will dissolve in a liquid at a given temperature is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas” is what law?

A

Henry’s Law

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12
Q

What is Dalton’s Law?

A

“The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the pressures of each of the different gases making up the mixture, with each gas acting as if it alone was present and occupied the total volume.”

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13
Q

What is Boyle’s Law?

A

At constant temperature, the absolute pressure and the volume of gas are inversely proportional.

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14
Q

What are the six basic types of energy?

A
  • Mechanical
  • Heat
  • Light
  • Chemical
  • Electromagnetic
  • Nuclear
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15
Q

What are the ways heat are generated and transferred to one place to another?

A
  • Conduction
  • Convection
  • Radiation
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16
Q

What atmospheric pressure?

A

Constant with sea level and is = to 33 ft of sea water (fsw)

17
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure?

A

The pressure due to the weight of a water column.
Also measured as the diver’s gauge pressure.

18
Q

What is absolute pressure?

A

The total pressure being exerted, (Gauge pressure + Atmospheric pressure) known as an “ata”

19
Q

What is the Archimedes’ principle?

A

Any object wholly or partly immersed in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

20
Q

What are some of the warning symptoms of CNS Oxygen Toxicity?

A

V.E.N.T.I.D.C
* Visual Symptoms (Blured vision, tunnel vision
* Ear Symptoms ( Tinnitus)
* Nausea
* Twitching and Tingle symptoms (of affected sites)
* Irritability (AMS such as confusion, agitation and anxiety)
* Dizziness ( Clumsiness, Incoordination, fatigue)
* Convulsions

21
Q

What is Swimming induced Pulmonary Edema (SIPE)?

A

Occurs while swimming in water, immersion causes fluid to leak out of the circulation system and accumulate first in the interstitial tissues of the lungs then in the alveoli themselves.

22
Q

What are some factors/symptoms of Swimming Induced Pulmonary Edema(SIPE)?

A
  • Imerrison in cold water
  • Negative pressure breathing
  • Overhyrdation
  • Cough
  • SOB
  • Productive cough with blood (Hemaparesis)
23
Q

What treatment is required for SIPE?

A

Rest and O2

24
Q

What is barotrauma?

A

damage to body tissues from the mechanical effects of pressure, results when pressure differentials between body cavities and the hydrostatic pressure surrounding the body.

25
Q

When Does Barotrauma most frequency occur?

A

On descent.

26
Q

What is the most common type of barotrauma?

A

Middle ear squeeze

27
Q

What is the TEED Scale?

A

Used to grade damage to Typamic membrane from middle ear squeeze
* 0-5 scale

28
Q

TEED’s Scale score of a 1 indicates what?

A

1 – Diffuse redness and retraction of the TM

29
Q

What are the six components of the Neuro Exam?

A
  • Mental Status
  • Cranial Nerves
  • Motor
  • Sensory
  • Reflexes
  • Coordination
30
Q

What are the two categories of Decompression Sickness (DCS), and what do they entail?

A

Type 1 DCS
* Muscular skeletal
* Skin
* Lymphatic (Swelling)

Type 2 DCS
* Cardio Pulmonary (“Chokes”)
* Neurological
* Inner Ear (“ Staggers”)

31
Q

What are the treatments are available for DCS type 1?

A
  • MSK- Recompression
  • Thoracic Abdmonial, hip pain- Recompression, Tx as DCS 2
  • Skin bends- No Recompression, will be fine.
  • Cutis Marmorata- Recompression, Tx as DCS 2.
  • Lymphatic bends- Recompression
32
Q

What are the treatment options available for DCS 2?

A

Recompression

33
Q

What are the symptoms assoicated with Pulmonary Oxygen Toxcity?

A
  • Cough
  • Burning Pleuritic chest pain
  • SOB/Dyspena
34
Q

LMCHEN

A

The six types of energy
* Light
* Mechanical
* Chemical
* Heat
* Electromagnetic
* Nuclear

35
Q

How does Boyle’s Law effect Divers?

A

Squeeze
Pulmonary Overinflation
Air Consumption
Minimum Manifold Pressure

36
Q

What is SPAM?

A

The effects of Boyle’s Law on divers
* Squeeze
* Pulmonary Overinflation
* Air Consumption
* Minimum Manifold Pressure

37
Q

What is CAR?

A

Charles/Gay-Lussac’s Law effects on Divers

  • Charging Air
  • Air Stowage
  • Recompression

Diving Injuries (1 decks)

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