Diversity Question

Question 1

Not being diverse affects motivation. What are the theories:

Answer 1

Herzberg two-factor theory 1959: Lack of empowerment, achievement= no job satisfaction/motivators, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: Self-esteem/ self-actualisation needs not fulfilled (not reached potential), Adam’s equity theory 1963/65) : reduce inputs as outputs such as recognition are not there, perceived as ‘funfair’ - no ‘balance’ (depends how tolerant)

Question 2

Definition:

Answer 2

where difference is recognised and emphasised, but not actively leveraged to drive organisational success.

Question 3

CIPD- Diversity is an important..

Answer 3

aspect of good people management

Question 4

Rousseau 1990:

Answer 4

‘the psychological contract is promissory and reciprocal in nature’

Question 5

Diversity affects the … part of the psychological contract

Answer 5

Relational expectations

Question 6

The psychological contract is broken by..

Answer 6

Trust/promises made during recruitment and selection, extremely difficult to fix

Question 7

HRM is now more ‘unitary’ since..

Answer 7

The 1980’s - but who doe it ultimately benefit?

Question 8

Diversity can be shown through employer brand via:

Answer 8

Marketing statement, HR policies, 0 tolerance approach, CIPD podcast: putting people on the website, define an organisations values, acknowledge differences through policy

Question 9

Diversity can be shown in job analysis/ recruitment and selection via..

Answer 9

Having flexible job descriptions, looking for a person-environment fit, no in-direct discrimination via setting criteria that adversely affects a particular group, recruitment and selection - training to interview people, blind recruitment

Question 10

Diversity can be shown via culture through..

Answer 10

line managers and workers, 0 tolerance approach to bullying, no victimisation, engagement at all levels, monitoring/data analysing, surveys, commitment to L&D for staff, CEO embedding diversity in strategy

Question 11

4 ways diversity can be shown in a business:

Answer 11

Employer brand, Job analysis/R and S, Culture, Performance management/promotion (inclusive approach)

Question 12

Equality definiton:

Answer 12

Making sure people are not disadvantaged, discriminated against or excluded from participation

Question 13

Drivers of diversity:

Answer 13

Recognition of benefits, globalisation, changing legislation around ‘fairness at work’, changing employee expectations, & (3 main!)

Question 14

Then the 3 main drivers/ benefits:

Answer 14

Social/moral case: increased ethical responsibility, CSR, reputation. Business case: diverse organisations perform better. Legal case: avoid prosecution, tribunals, conflict and damage to reputation

Question 15

Difficulties not being diverse:

Answer 15

Lack of innovation, trouble attracting/retaining employees, legal consequences, damage to reputation, lack of engagement/bad people management, non-agile

Question 16

Two approaches to PM:

Answer 16

Inclusive or Exclusive

Question 17

Companies can choose between two ways of being diverse during R and S: Jewson and Mason (1986)

Answer 17

Radical approach: positive discrimination is sometimes used as intervention is acceptable to achieve equality. Liberal approach: everyone should have the right to ‘universal standards of justice and citizenships’ fair treatment regardless of their background (Bloisi 2007)

Question 18

Who is involved?

Answer 18

Everyone in the business, fro CEO to workers

Question 19

Which practices may result in discrimination?

Answer 19

‘Exclusive’ or ‘inclusive approach to promotion/PM, in-direct discrimination on job descriptions, harassment/ victimisation (after claim), bad culture, little consequences/policies, direct via not hiring women/POC, failure to comply with the law, e.g. the equality act/10 protected characteristics

Question 20

The Equality Act 2010..

Answer 20

Harmonised legislation that organisations have a duty to make ‘reasonable adjustments’ to the workplace to facilitate disabled employees, has 9 protected characteristics from discrimination

Question 21

The Equal Pay Act..

Answer 21

1970

Question 22

Kent Police Case

Answer 22

Again officer won case against fellow officer on the grounds of racial discrimination and victimisation. It was found that a grievance in 2014 was not properly investigated and he was treated differently after making the claim

Question 23

Pay Gap is high profile, the figures:

Answer 23

April 5th 2018: 8% no pay gap, 2019: 12% have no pay gap, between women and men remains the highest gap in the UK.

Question 24

31% of women claimed to..

Answer 24

have been sexually discriminated against whilst looking for/being at work

Question 25

The future: Sky’s program:

Answer 25

Women in Leadership program aims to engage 50% of women into leadership roles throughout Sky’s company by 2020. The report suggest that they are on track.

Question 26

Cockburn 1989;

Answer 26

Long-term strategies are needed to achieve equality/ fairness of opportunities.

Question 27

Employment and Equality regulations..

Answer 27

2003, surrounding religion and beliefs

Question 28

Diversity benefits:

Answer 28

More engagement, better psychological contract (Rousseau 1990), more talent, more agile, helps them with the ‘way for talent’, new ideas, better work-life balance

Question 29

Engagement definiton:

Answer 29

IES: A positive attitude held by the employee towards the organisation.

Question 30

CIPD 2015 Better Workplace Report:

Answer 30

People work better when they are happy, in communities.

Question 31

In business, with LNA and Performance management..

Answer 31

‘one size fits all’ is not appropriate, e.g. nuerodiverse people, different strengths/skills

Question 32

Psychological contract definition..

Answer 32

Is the conceptual agreement of ‘expectations about the terms of exchange’ between the employer and employee. (Rousseau, 1989).

Question 33

Diversity can bring engagement via what motivational theories:

Answer 33

Maslow- esteem/actualisation needs fulfilled. Herzberg: responsibility needs fulfilled. Adams equity theory: more outputs = more inputs, intrinsic motivation

Question 34

Inclusive approach can help achieve engagement via..

Answer 34

The norm of reciprocity (Gouldner, 1960), recipient of positive action feels indebted and therefore repays them = positive relationship

Question 35

IES: there is overwhelming evidence..

Answer 35

That people work better with a psychological contract

Question 36

(negative) Diversity statements can be seen as:

Answer 36

‘company speak’ and not reflect what is actually happening, to avoid being sued is not an ethical reason - debate surrounding what is diverse

Question 37

By being diverse it positively affects the business by:

Answer 37

Leading by a good example, good if your customers are diverse

Question 38

Diversity can be maintained by..

Answer 38

Finding issues through surveys and painting and positive psychological contract

Question 39

Diversity can be made through a..

Answer 39

Action plan, external experts can assist diversity

Question 40

Employment tribunals cost UK businesses..

Answer 40

£8,500 on average

Question 41

Need diversity due to added pressure of..

Answer 41

Globalisation & tech - may need different people

Question 42

How important is diversity to customers?

Answer 42

Can argue people don’t think about it, but getting more important?

Question 43

Diversity can lead to greater..

Answer 43

synergy with customers

Question 44

Nike is an example of..

Answer 44

Equality and diminished reputation, (age - protected characteristic)

Question 45

Diversity requires top-..

Answer 45

down support