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Microbiology > Diversity Of Microorganism > Flashcards

Diversity Of Microorganism Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

-Photosynthetic eukaryotes
-Sizes range from tiny, unicellular, microscopic to large and multicellular.
-Found in freshwater, salt water, in wet soil or wet rocks.
-Most are photoautotroph

A

Algae

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2
Q

Some algal cells have

A

-pellicle
-stigma
-flagella

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3
Q

-Diatoms
-Microscopic, unicellular, live in both freshwater and salt water
-Chlorophyll a and c, carotene, xanthophylls
-Attractive, geometric and varied appearance

A

Phylum Bacillariophyta

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4
Q

the cell walls of Phylum Bacillariophyta contains

A

SiO2

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5
Q

-Microscopic, unicellular, flagellated and often photosynthetic
-Chlorophyll a and c, carotene, xanthins
-Causes “red tide”

A

Phylum
Dinoflagellata- Dinoflagellates

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6
Q

neurotoxins causes

A

paralytic shellfish poisoning

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7
Q

-Green algae
-Cellulose cell walls
-Unicellular or multicellular
-Chlorophyll a and b
-Store glucose polymer
-Gave rise to plants

A

Phylum Chlorophyta

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8
Q

filamentous alga

A

Spirogyra

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9
Q

unicellular, biflagellated, one chlorophyll and stigma

A

Chlamydomonas

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10
Q

multicellular alga, biflagellated cells arranged to form a sphere

A

Volvox

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11
Q

unicellular, resembles banana

A

Desmids

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12
Q

-Brown algae
-Cellulose + alginic acid cell walls
-Multicellular
-Few are microscopic
-Chlorophyll a and c, xanthophylls
-Store carbohydrates

A

-Phylum Phaeophyta
-Phylum Rhodophyta

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13
Q

Phylum Phaeophyta are harvested for

A

Alginin

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14
Q

Phylum Rhodophyta are harvested for

A

Algin

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15
Q

-absorbs water quickly, which makes it useful as an additive in dehydrated products such as slimming aids, and in the manufacture of paper and textiles.

-also used for waterproofing and fireproofing fabrics, as a gelling agent, for thickening drinks, ice cream and cosmetics, and as a detoxifier that can absorb poisonous metals from the blood.

A

Alginin

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16
Q

-used to make jellies, puddings and custards.
-Used throughout the world to provide a solid surface containing medium for the growth of bacteria and fungi.
-Used for electrophoretic separation in agarose gel electrophoresis

A

Agar

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17
Q

-used in the food and other industries as thickening and stabilizing agents.
-Desserts, ice cream, milk shakes, sweetened condensed milks, sauces.
-Pharmaceuticals — used as an inactive excipient in pills/tablets

A

Carrageenan

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18
Q

-Golden algae
-Some colorless, but the vast majority are photosynthetic
-Important in lakes
-Facultatively heterotrophic
-Chlorophyll c, carotenoids and xanthophylls Some colorless, but the vast majority are photosynthetic

A

Phylum chrysophyta

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19
Q

-Euglenoids
-Possessed both algae and protozoan characteristics
-Contain stigma and flagellum
-Chlorophyll a as the primary photosynthetic
pigment and chlorophyll b and carotenoids
-Remaining two-thirds are either facultatively or,
like animals, fully heterotrophic

A

Phylum Euglenophyta

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20
Q

Medical significance of algae

A

-prototheca
-phycotoxins

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21
Q

-causes protothecosis, lives on soil.
-Can enter wounds on feet

A

Prototheca

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22
Q

secretion, poisonous to humans fish and other animals

A

Phycotoxins

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23
Q

-Eukaryotic, unicellular, animal-like, and motile
-No cell walls, pellicle serves for protection
-Symbiotic relationship (in termites

A

Protozoa

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24
Q

Feeding state of a protozoa

A

Trophozoite

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25
Q

Some protozoans produces

A

Cysts(dormant stage)

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26
Q

Protozoans reproduces by

A

-Asexual reproduction by fission, budding, or schizogony
- Sexual reproduction by conjugation

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27
Q

Pumps out water

A

Contractile vacuole (in amoeba and paramecium)

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28
Q

Pathogens of protozoans

A

(malaria, giardiasis, African Sleeping sickness and amebic dysentery

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29
Q

-Move by cilia
-Complex cells

A

Ciliates

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30
Q

Example of ciliates

A

-Balantidium coli
-vorticella

31
Q

Move by pseudopods,

A

Amoebae

32
Q

Examples if amoebae

A

-Entamoeba – dysentery and extraintestinal abscesses

-Acanthamoeba- eye infection

-Cryptosporidium parvum- cryptosporidiosis

33
Q

-Aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, found almost everywhere
-Some are Saprophytic, others Parasitic
-Most are decomposers (organic matter/ leather
and plastics, spoilage of jams, pickles, etc.) some beneficial (prod’n cheese, wine, drugs: cyclosporine & penicillin)

A

Fungi

34
Q

Study of fungi

A

Mycology

35
Q

Unicellular fungi

A

Yeast

36
Q

yeasts divide symmetrically

A

Fission

37
Q

yeasts divide asymmetrically

A

Budding

38
Q

string of elongated buds

A

Pseudohypha

39
Q

thick-walled spore-like

A

Chlamydosphores

40
Q

-fungi seen in water & food
-Fungal thallus consists of hyphae

A

Molds

41
Q

a mass of hyphae

A

Mycelium

42
Q

How many died in the great potato famine

A

1 million

43
Q

-potato blight mold in Ireland

A

Phytophthora infestans

44
Q

In what year was the great potato famine

A

1845, 1846, 1848

45
Q

proved that fungus caused the
blight

A

Antoine de Bary

46
Q

Importance of molds

A

-Antibiotics from Penicillium and Cephalosporium.
-Some for production of large quantities of enzymes (amylase, citric acid, organic acids)
-Molds provide flavor in diff. types of cheeses (,
camembert, limburger).

47
Q

Large fungi

A

Fleshy fungi

48
Q

Examples of fleshy fungi

A

-Mushroom
-toadstools
-puffballs
-bracket fungi

49
Q

Toxic fungi causes

A

permanent liver and brain damage or death if ingested

50
Q

Fungal Infections (Mycoses)

A

a. Superficial mycoses -outermost are
b. Cutaneous mycoses -Living layer of the skin
c. Opportunistic mycoses -Caused by normal
microbiota or fungi that are normally nonpathogenic
d. Subcutaneous mycoses -beneath the skin
e. Systemic mycoses -deep within the body

51
Q

breaks material down

A

Decomposers

52
Q

absorbs nutrients from dead

A

Saprophyte (saprobe)

53
Q

obtain nutrients from living organisms

A

Parasites

54
Q

Multiple flagella

A

Flagellates

55
Q

Examples of flagellates

A

-Giardia lamblia
-Trichomonas vaginalis (no cyst stage)

56
Q

-No pseudopodia, flagella or cilia
-Non-motile

A

Sporozoa

57
Q

Example of sporozoa

A

Plasmodium ssp.

58
Q

-No chlorophyll
-Many are unicellular (yeast)
-Others grow as filaments called hyphae, which
intertwine to form a mass called mycelia (thallus).

A

Fungi

59
Q

The cell wall of a fungi contains

A

Chitin

60
Q

contains
multinucleated cytoplasm (coenocytic)

A

aseptate hyphae

61
Q

Fungi are divided into

A

5 phyla

62
Q

Lower fungi

A

Zygomycotina and Chytridiomycotina

63
Q

Higher fungi

A

Ascomycotina and Basisiomycotina

64
Q

Fungi imperfecti

A

Deuteromycotina

65
Q

are yeastlike at 37°C and moldlike at 25°C

A

Dimorphic fungi

66
Q

Examples of dimorphic fungi

A

Histoplasma capsulatum (histoplasmosis) Sporothrix schenckii (sporotrichosis) Coccidioides immitis (coccidiomycosis) Blastomyces dermatitidis (blastomycosis)

67
Q

Produce sexual and asexual spores.

A

Teleomorphic fungi

68
Q

-Produce asexual spores only.
-rRNA sequencing places most in Ascomycota,
a few are Basidiomycota
-Penicillium

A

Anamorphic fungi

69
Q

Examples of anamorphic fungi

A

-Stachybotrys
-Coccidioides
-Pneumocystis (systemic mycoses)
-Candida albicans (Cutaneous mycoses)

70
Q

Fungal + algae =

A

Lichens

71
Q

-Found in soil, rotting logs
-Have both fungal and protozoal chars. & interesting life cycles
-Start out in life as independent amoebae

A

Slime molds

72
Q

Motile, multicellular form

A

Slug

73
Q

-Resemble amoebas, ingest bacteria by phagocytosis
-Cells aggregate into stalked fruiting body.
-Some cells become spores

A

Cellular slime molds

74
Q

-Multinucleated large cells
-Cytoplasm separates into stalked sporangia
-Nuclei undergo meiosis and form uninucleated
haploid spores

A

Plasmodial slime molds

Microbiology (7 decks)

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