Diversity of living things Bio Gr11 Flashcards
Taxonomic Rankings
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, class, order, Family ,genus, species
Binomial Nomenclature
Genus name (first word) Always capitalized. Species (second word) Always lowercase. UNDERLINED FULL NAME
Morphological Species concept
defines a species based on physical characteristics (morphology) such as shape, size, and structure. This concept is useful for classifying both living and extinct organisms, especially when genetic or reproductive data are unavailable.
Biological Species Concept
If two individual organisms can mate under natural circumstances, and produce FERTILE offspring that can live and successfully reproduce then those two individuals are the same species. EX Humans can interbreed and make fertile offspring. other EX Horses and Donkeys – They can mate and produce mules, but mules are sterile, so horses and donkeys are considered separate species.
Phylogenetic Species concept
defines a species as the smallest group of organisms that share a common ancestor and are genetically distinct from other groups.
Evidence of relationship ANATOMY
The branch of biology that deals with structure and form. Studying morphology helps scientists determine relationships among species . some bone structure can also be used
Evidence of relationship PHYSIOLOGY
The branch of biology that deals with the physical and chemical functions of organisms. by comparing proteins among different species the degree of genetic similarity or difference can be determined
Evidence of relationship DNA
Genes are sections of DNA made of long chains of molecules called nucleotides. DNA sequences can be compared among species
What are the three domains?
- Bacteria 2. Archaea 3. Eukarya
Which kingdoms are in the Bacteria domain?
Kingdom Bacteria
Which kingdoms are in the Archaea domain?
Kingdom Archaea
Which kingdoms are in the Eukarya domain?
Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia
What are the characteristics of Kingdom Bacteria?
- Prokaryotic (no nucleus) - Unicellular - Cell walls with peptidoglycan - Reproduce by binary fission - Found everywhere (soil, water, inside organisms) - Example: E. coli
What are the characteristics of Kingdom Archaea?
- Prokaryotic but genetically closer to eukaryotes - Unicellular - Live in extreme environments (hot springs, salty lakes, deep sea vents) - Cell walls without peptidoglycan - Example: Thermophiles (heat-loving bacteria)
What are the characteristics of Kingdom Protista?
- Eukaryotic (has a nucleus) - Mostly unicellular, some multicellular - Very diverse (can be plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like) - Some have cell walls (cellulose) - Example: Amoeba, algae, paramecium
What are the characteristics of Kingdom Fungi?
- Eukaryotic - Mostly multicellular (except yeast) - Cell walls made of chitin - Heterotrophic (absorbs nutrients, doesn’t photosynthesize) - Example: Mushrooms, mold, yeast
What are the characteristics of Kingdom Plantae?
- Eukaryotic - Multicellular - Autotrophic (makes its own food through photosynthesis) - Cell walls made of cellulose - Example: Trees, grass, flowers
What are the characteristics of Kingdom Animalia?
- Eukaryotic - Multicellular - Heterotrophic (must consume food) - No cell walls - Example: Humans, insects, birds, fish
Genetic Biodiversity
Refers to variation in DNA within a species.
Important for adaptation and evolution (e.g., some bacteria develop antibiotic resistance).
Example: Different breeds of dogs or varieties of corn.
Species Biodiversity
Refers to the number of different species in an ecosystem.
Higher species biodiversity makes ecosystems more stable.
Example: The Amazon Rainforest has millions of species, making it highly biodiverse.
Ecosystem Biodiversity
Refers to the variety of ecosystems in a region.
Different ecosystems support different species and climates.
Example: Rainforests, deserts, oceans, and grasslands all have unique biodiversity.
