Diversity Of Living Things

Question 1

Morphological Species Concept

Answer 1

Focuses on morphology - body shape, size and other structural features

Question 2

Biological Species Concept

Answer 2

Defines species on the basis of whether two organisms can produce fertile offspring

Question 3

Phylogenetic Species Concept

Answer 3

Examine phylogeny or evolutionary history of organisms

Question 4

Morphology

Answer 4

The physical appearance and characteristics of an organism; body shape, size, and other structural features

Question 5

Hybridization

Answer 5

Cross breeding of two different species

Question 6

Evolutionary Changes

Answer 6

The physical and behavioral changes that occur over time

Question 7

Heterotrophs

Answer 7

Consume other organisms

Question 8

Autotrophs

Answer 8

Make their own food

Question 9

Genetic Diversity

Answer 9

The genetic variability among organisms - usually referring to individuals of the same species

Question 10

Species Diversity

Answer 10

Measure of diversity that takes into account the quantity of each species, as well as the variety of different species present in an ecosystem

Question 11

Structural Diversity

Answer 11

The range of physical shapes, sizes and distribution of the individuals, as well as habitats and communities in an ecosystem

Question 12

Biological Classification

Answer 12

The systematic grouping of organisms into biological categories based on physical and evolutionary relationships

Question 13

Taxonomy

Answer 13

The branch of biology which deals with the classification of organisms; taxonomists classify both living and fossil species

Question 14

The Great Chain of Being (scala naturae)

Answer 14

An early classification system based in the idea that each type of organism held a fixed position or rank on a scale from lowest to highest with humans at the top, mammals and birds above frogs and fish and all animals above plants

Question 15

Aristotles Organism Grouping

Answer 15

Grouped organisms according to habitat: land dwellers, water dwellers, and air dwellers

Question 16

Carolus Linnaeus

Answer 16

Founder of modern taxonomy, developed binomial nomenclature

Question 17

Binomial Nomenclature

Answer 17

An organism is assigned a genus name followed by a species name, genus is always capitalized, entire name is either italicized or underlined

Question 18

Genus

Answer 18

A taxonomic level consisting of a group of similar species

Question 19

Dichotomous Key

Answer 19

A series and of branching two part statements used to identify organisms or objects

Question 20

Phylogeny

Answer 20

The study of the evolutionary relatedness between, and among, species

Question 21

Phylogenetic tree

Answer 21

A diagram depicting the evolutionary relationships between different species or groups

Question 22

Sister Group

Answer 22

Two descendants that split from the same node

Question 23

Clade

Answer 23

A taxonomic group that included a single common ancestor and all its descendants; species are grouped into clades in a phylogenetic tree

Question 24

Kingdoms

Answer 24

Bacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

Question 25

Domains of Life

Answer 25

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

Question 26

Domain

Answer 26

The highest taxonomic rank of organisms

Question 27

Eubacteria

Answer 27

Most diverse and widespread prokaryotes, contains the kingdom Eubacteria

Question 28

Archaea

Answer 28

Prokaryotes that live in Earths extreme environments such as salty lakes and boiling hot springs, includes the kingdom Archaea

Question 29

Eukarya

Answer 29

Eukaryotes grouped into the 4 kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia

Question 30

Genetic Similarity

Answer 30

Organisms that are genetically similar likely share a common ancestor ie chimpanzees and humans are 96% similar

Question 31

3 defining criteria for kingdoms

Answer 31

Cell types, modes of nutrition, means of reproduction

Question 32

Cell types

Answer 32

Could be unicellular (single celled) or multicellular (more than one cell), two major types of cells: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

Question 33

Prokaryotes

Answer 33

Organism without a cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles; most are unicellular but some are multicellular

Question 34

Eukaryotes

Answer 34

Organisms whose cells are organized into complex structures by internal membranes and a cytoskeleton; most importantly, they have a membrane-bound nucleus where the genetic info is found, includes animals, plants, fungi, and protists

Question 35

Modes of nutrition

Answer 35

Includes autotroph and heterotroph

Question 36

Means of Reproduction

Answer 36

Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction

Question 37

Binomial Nomenclature

Answer 37

An organism is assigned a genus name which is capitalized and a species name, it must be italicized or underlined

Question 38

Biodiversity

Answer 38

The number and variety of species and ecosystems on Earth

Question 39

Virus

Answer 39

A structure that contains strands of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protective protein coat; it cannot live independently outside of cells

Question 40

Epidemic

Answer 40

A large rapidly spreading outbreak of disease in a particular region

Question 41

Pandemic

Answer 41

When an epidemic spreads on a global scale