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Biology > Diversity Of Living Things > Flashcards

Diversity Of Living Things Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Morphological Species Concept

A

Focuses on morphology - body shape, size and other structural features

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2
Q

Biological Species Concept

A

Defines species on the basis of whether two organisms can produce fertile offspring

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3
Q

Phylogenetic Species Concept

A

Examine phylogeny or evolutionary history of organisms

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4
Q

Morphology

A

The physical appearance and characteristics of an organism; body shape, size, and other structural features

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5
Q

Hybridization

A

Cross breeding of two different species

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6
Q

Evolutionary Changes

A

The physical and behavioral changes that occur over time

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7
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Consume other organisms

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8
Q

Autotrophs

A

Make their own food

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9
Q

Genetic Diversity

A

The genetic variability among organisms - usually referring to individuals of the same species

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10
Q

Species Diversity

A

Measure of diversity that takes into account the quantity of each species, as well as the variety of different species present in an ecosystem

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11
Q

Structural Diversity

A

The range of physical shapes, sizes and distribution of the individuals, as well as habitats and communities in an ecosystem

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12
Q

Biological Classification

A

The systematic grouping of organisms into biological categories based on physical and evolutionary relationships

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13
Q

Taxonomy

A

The branch of biology which deals with the classification of organisms; taxonomists classify both living and fossil species

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14
Q

The Great Chain of Being (scala naturae)

A

An early classification system based in the idea that each type of organism held a fixed position or rank on a scale from lowest to highest with humans at the top, mammals and birds above frogs and fish and all animals above plants

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15
Q

Aristotles Organism Grouping

A

Grouped organisms according to habitat: land dwellers, water dwellers, and air dwellers

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16
Q

Carolus Linnaeus

A

Founder of modern taxonomy, developed binomial nomenclature

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17
Q

Binomial Nomenclature

A

An organism is assigned a genus name followed by a species name, genus is always capitalized, entire name is either italicized or underlined

18
Q

Genus

A

A taxonomic level consisting of a group of similar species

19
Q

Dichotomous Key

A

A series and of branching two part statements used to identify organisms or objects

20
Q

Phylogeny

A

The study of the evolutionary relatedness between, and among, species

21
Q

Phylogenetic tree

A

A diagram depicting the evolutionary relationships between different species or groups

22
Q

Sister Group

A

Two descendants that split from the same node

23
Q

Clade

A

A taxonomic group that included a single common ancestor and all its descendants; species are grouped into clades in a phylogenetic tree

24
Q

Kingdoms

A

Bacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia

25
Q

Domains of Life

A

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya

26
Q

Domain

A

The highest taxonomic rank of organisms

27
Q

Eubacteria

A

Most diverse and widespread prokaryotes, contains the kingdom Eubacteria

28
Q

Archaea

A

Prokaryotes that live in Earths extreme environments such as salty lakes and boiling hot springs, includes the kingdom Archaea

29
Q

Eukarya

A

Eukaryotes grouped into the 4 kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, and Animalia

30
Q

Genetic Similarity

A

Organisms that are genetically similar likely share a common ancestor ie chimpanzees and humans are 96% similar

31
Q

3 defining criteria for kingdoms

A

Cell types, modes of nutrition, means of reproduction

32
Q

Cell types

A

Could be unicellular (single celled) or multicellular (more than one cell), two major types of cells: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells

33
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Organism without a cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles; most are unicellular but some are multicellular

34
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Organisms whose cells are organized into complex structures by internal membranes and a cytoskeleton; most importantly, they have a membrane-bound nucleus where the genetic info is found, includes animals, plants, fungi, and protists

35
Q

Modes of nutrition

A

Includes autotroph and heterotroph

36
Q

Means of Reproduction

A

Asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction

37
Q

Binomial Nomenclature

A

An organism is assigned a genus name which is capitalized and a species name, it must be italicized or underlined

38
Q

Biodiversity

A

The number and variety of species and ecosystems on Earth

39
Q

Virus

A

A structure that contains strands of DNA or RNA surrounded by a protective protein coat; it cannot live independently outside of cells

40
Q

Epidemic

A

A large rapidly spreading outbreak of disease in a particular region

41
Q

Pandemic

A

When an epidemic spreads on a global scale

Biology (5 decks)

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