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Biology Unit 2 > Diversity of life and Microorganisms > Flashcards

Diversity of life and Microorganisms Flashcards

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1
Q

What showed the newest classification of living organisms?

A

Its showed the relatdness of species because their evolution.

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2
Q

On what criteria was based the earliest classification?

A

It was based on how useful, harmful or unuseful were some species to humans.

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3
Q

What is a natural classification?

A

A natural classification is the classification of living organisms based on their natural characteristics which is the habitat and their external appearance.

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4
Q

What is an artificial classification?

A

It’s the one not based on the natural characteristics.

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5
Q

Tell me all the criteria to classify living organisms:

A

-Criteria based on external appearance
-Criteria based on internal appearance
-Physiological criteria
-Genetic criteria

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6
Q

What is the classification of living orgnisms?

A

It involves grouping them into different categories based on their similarities.

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7
Q

How can we now if two living organisms belong to the same species?

A

Because they can produce offspring that retain this ability.

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8
Q

What is Taxonomy?

A

Taxonomy is the branch of science concerned on the classification of species based on their characteristics.

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9
Q

What is Taxa?

A

Taxa are the categories to classify species.
-KINGDOM
-PHYLUM/DIVISION
-CLASS
-ORDER
-FAMILY
-GENUS
-SPECIES

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10
Q

What is the system of binominal nomenclature?

A

It’s a system to name in a universal manner all the species, the name is formed by two latin words which are (1) GENUS and (2) SPECIFIC EIPHET.

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11
Q

What is the phylogenetic classification?

A

It’s a hypothesis of the evolutionary history of species based on scientific evidence.

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12
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms?

A

-MONERA(BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA)
-PROTIST(ALGAE AND PROTOZOA)
-FUNGI
-PLANT
-ANIMAL

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13
Q

What are the kingdoms of the 3 domain system?

A

-BACTERIA
-ARCHAEA
-EUKARYA

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14
Q

What is evolution?

A

It’s the process by which living organisms have changed over years.

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15
Q

What is the phylogenetics?

A

It’s the discipline that establishes the evolutionary relationships among different groups of species and is represented by phylogenetic trees.

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16
Q

Tell me the characteristics of the animal kingdom:

A

-MULTICELLULAR
-TISSUES AND ORGANS
-EUKARYOTES
-HETEROTHROPHS
-MOVE INDEPENDENTLY
-CONSUMERS

17
Q

Tell me the characteristics of the plant kingdom:

A

-MULTICELLULAR
-TISSUES AND ORGANS
-EUKARYOTIC
-CHLOROPLASTS AND WALL CELL
-AUTOTROPHS
-SESSILE
-PRIM. PRODUCERS

18
Q

Tell me the characteristics of fungi:

A

-MULT. AND UNICEL.
-FILAMENTS (HYPHA)
-CELL WALL
-DECOMPOSERS
-SESSILE
-HETEROTROPHS

19
Q

Tell me the 5 kingdom system criteria

A

Verbally

20
Q

What are microorganisms:

A

They are the organisms smaller than 1 mm, the criteria to describe them is the size, most of them are unicellular and are found everywhere in colonies or alone.

21
Q

What is microbiology?

A

It’s the branch of science concerned on the study of microorgansims and viruses.

22
Q

Tell me some methods to eliminate microorganisms:

A

-CHEMICAL DESINFECTION
-ACIDIFICATION
-PASTEURIZATION
-COOLING
-BOILING
-RADIATION

23
Q

Tell me the characteristics of prokaryotic microorganisms:

A

-NO NUCLEUS OR ORGANELLS
-SMALL-SIZED
-PARTICULAR SHAPES
-CELL WALL
-APPENDAGES

24
Q

How are called the bacteria that consumes oxygen through cellular respiration?

A

They are called aerobes.

25
Q

How are called the archaea and some bacteria that extract energy from their food?

A

They are called anaerobes.

26
Q

How are called the prokaryotes that cannot survive without oxygen?

A

They are called obligate anaerobes.

27
Q

How do prokaryotes reproduce?

A

They reproduce asexually through binnary fission and they can also produce endospores.

28
Q

What is bacterial conjugation?

A

It’s a mechanism to exchange strands of genetic material with other prokaryotes.

29
Q

Prokaryotes play a benefical role for the biosphere because they are:

A

-ECOLOGICAL
-EVOLUTIONARY
-GEOLOGICAL
-SYMBIOTIC

30
Q

Tell me the main applications of prokaryotes:

A

-FOOD PRODUCTION
-BIOCHIMESTRY
-PRODUCTION OF DRUGS
-BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
-BIOFUEL PRODUCTION
-MINING

31
Q

Which are the characteristics of eukaryotes?

A

-GENETIC MATERIAL INSIDE NUCLEUS
-ORGANELLS IN THEIR CYTOPLASM
-SOME OF THEM HAVE CW AND APPENDAGES
-USUSALLY BIGGER THAN PROKARYOTES

32
Q

Tell me the characteristics of Protozoa and Algae:

A

They belong to the Protist’s kingdom, their cells are widely diverse and have chloroplasts.

33
Q

Tell me the characteristics of yeasts:

A

They belong to the fungi’s kingdom and their cell wall is made up of chitin.

34
Q

How do eukaryotes get energy?

A

Through cellular respiration, but yeasts can also do it through fermentation.

35
Q

How do eukaryotes reproduce?

A

They reproduce sexually and asexually through:
-BINNARY FISSION
-BUDDING
-MULTIPLE FISSION

36
Q

Why do eukaryotes play a key role in biosphere?

A

Because they are:
-ECOLOGICAL
-EVOLUTIONARY

37
Q

What types of eukaryotes cause disseases?

A

Only protists.

38
Q

For what uses are eukaryotes used?

A

They are used for:
-FOOD PRODUCTION
-BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
-WASTE WATER TREATMENT

Biology Unit 2 (1 decks)

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