Diversity of life and Microorganisms Flashcards
What showed the newest classification of living organisms?
Its showed the relatdness of species because their evolution.
On what criteria was based the earliest classification?
It was based on how useful, harmful or unuseful were some species to humans.
What is a natural classification?
A natural classification is the classification of living organisms based on their natural characteristics which is the habitat and their external appearance.
What is an artificial classification?
It’s the one not based on the natural characteristics.
Tell me all the criteria to classify living organisms:
-Criteria based on external appearance
-Criteria based on internal appearance
-Physiological criteria
-Genetic criteria
What is the classification of living orgnisms?
It involves grouping them into different categories based on their similarities.
How can we now if two living organisms belong to the same species?
Because they can produce offspring that retain this ability.
What is Taxonomy?
Taxonomy is the branch of science concerned on the classification of species based on their characteristics.
What is Taxa?
Taxa are the categories to classify species.
-KINGDOM
-PHYLUM/DIVISION
-CLASS
-ORDER
-FAMILY
-GENUS
-SPECIES
What is the system of binominal nomenclature?
It’s a system to name in a universal manner all the species, the name is formed by two latin words which are (1) GENUS and (2) SPECIFIC EIPHET.
What is the phylogenetic classification?
It’s a hypothesis of the evolutionary history of species based on scientific evidence.
What are the 5 kingdoms?
-MONERA(BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA)
-PROTIST(ALGAE AND PROTOZOA)
-FUNGI
-PLANT
-ANIMAL
What are the kingdoms of the 3 domain system?
-BACTERIA
-ARCHAEA
-EUKARYA
What is evolution?
It’s the process by which living organisms have changed over years.
What is the phylogenetics?
It’s the discipline that establishes the evolutionary relationships among different groups of species and is represented by phylogenetic trees.
Tell me the characteristics of the animal kingdom:
-MULTICELLULAR
-TISSUES AND ORGANS
-EUKARYOTES
-HETEROTHROPHS
-MOVE INDEPENDENTLY
-CONSUMERS
Tell me the characteristics of the plant kingdom:
-MULTICELLULAR
-TISSUES AND ORGANS
-EUKARYOTIC
-CHLOROPLASTS AND WALL CELL
-AUTOTROPHS
-SESSILE
-PRIM. PRODUCERS
Tell me the characteristics of fungi:
-MULT. AND UNICEL.
-FILAMENTS (HYPHA)
-CELL WALL
-DECOMPOSERS
-SESSILE
-HETEROTROPHS
Tell me the 5 kingdom system criteria
Verbally
What are microorganisms:
They are the organisms smaller than 1 mm, the criteria to describe them is the size, most of them are unicellular and are found everywhere in colonies or alone.
What is microbiology?
It’s the branch of science concerned on the study of microorgansims and viruses.
Tell me some methods to eliminate microorganisms:
-CHEMICAL DESINFECTION
-ACIDIFICATION
-PASTEURIZATION
-COOLING
-BOILING
-RADIATION
Tell me the characteristics of prokaryotic microorganisms:
-NO NUCLEUS OR ORGANELLS
-SMALL-SIZED
-PARTICULAR SHAPES
-CELL WALL
-APPENDAGES
How are called the bacteria that consumes oxygen through cellular respiration?
They are called aerobes.
How are called the archaea and some bacteria that extract energy from their food?
They are called anaerobes.
How are called the prokaryotes that cannot survive without oxygen?
They are called obligate anaerobes.
How do prokaryotes reproduce?
They reproduce asexually through binnary fission and they can also produce endospores.
What is bacterial conjugation?
It’s a mechanism to exchange strands of genetic material with other prokaryotes.
Prokaryotes play a benefical role for the biosphere because they are:
-ECOLOGICAL
-EVOLUTIONARY
-GEOLOGICAL
-SYMBIOTIC
Tell me the main applications of prokaryotes:
-FOOD PRODUCTION
-BIOCHIMESTRY
-PRODUCTION OF DRUGS
-BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
-BIOFUEL PRODUCTION
-MINING
Which are the characteristics of eukaryotes?
-GENETIC MATERIAL INSIDE NUCLEUS
-ORGANELLS IN THEIR CYTOPLASM
-SOME OF THEM HAVE CW AND APPENDAGES
-USUSALLY BIGGER THAN PROKARYOTES
Tell me the characteristics of Protozoa and Algae:
They belong to the Protist’s kingdom, their cells are widely diverse and have chloroplasts.
Tell me the characteristics of yeasts:
They belong to the fungi’s kingdom and their cell wall is made up of chitin.
How do eukaryotes get energy?
Through cellular respiration, but yeasts can also do it through fermentation.
How do eukaryotes reproduce?
They reproduce sexually and asexually through:
-BINNARY FISSION
-BUDDING
-MULTIPLE FISSION
Why do eukaryotes play a key role in biosphere?
Because they are:
-ECOLOGICAL
-EVOLUTIONARY
What types of eukaryotes cause disseases?
Only protists.
For what uses are eukaryotes used?
They are used for:
-FOOD PRODUCTION
-BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
-WASTE WATER TREATMENT
