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Biodiversity > Diversity Of Life > Flashcards

Diversity Of Life Flashcards

1
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part of; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems

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2
Q

What two taxonomic groups are the best described?

A

Plants and chordates

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3
Q

What are chordates and around how many species are there?

A

Animals with a backbone

45,000

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4
Q

How many species of plants are there?

A

270,000

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5
Q

What is the most species rich group and how many species are there?

A

Insects

950,000

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6
Q

Give an example of a new family that was recently discovered

A

Isopods- a type of crustacean

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7
Q

Why can’t we be more accurate at estimating species number?

A
  1. Lack of morphological variation- different species may look exactly the same
  2. Effort in looking- easier to find bigger species
  3. Sampling in inaccessible habitats
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8
Q

What are ecosystem services?

A

How the ecosystem benefits society

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9
Q

What are the four main types of ecosystem services that are affected by biodiversity?

A

Supporting, provisioning, regulating and cultural

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10
Q

Give some examples of supporting ecosystem services

A

Nutrient cycles, soil formation and primary production of agriculture

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11
Q

Give some examples of provisioning ecosystem services

A

Food, freshwater, wood and fibre, fuel

It includes renewable resources

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12
Q

Give some examples of regulating ecosystem services

A

Climate, food and disease regulation and water purification

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13
Q

Give some examples of cultural ecosystem services

A

Aesthetic, spiritual, educational and recreational

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14
Q

What are the four constituents of well being that ecosystem services contribute to:

A

Security, basic material for good life, health and good social relations

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15
Q

How does biodiversity contribute to food security?

A

It contributes to genetic diversity for crop yield, quality, stress tolerance, pest/disease resistance and reduces the use of chemicals

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16
Q

Give an example of food security in a plant

A

The wild potato varieties- they have traits that are useful to be bred into crops e.g blight resistance

17
Q

How many listed medicinal plants are there?

A

20,000

18
Q

Who was the first person to classify biodiversity?

A

Aristotle

19
Q

Who was the first person to use polynomial classification of species?

A

Theophrastus

20
Q

Who was the first person to use a hierarchy to classify species (binomial nomenclature)?

A

Linnaeus

21
Q

What do species inventories tell us?

A

The proportion of endangered flora/fauna

22
Q

What is the estimated loss of species due to deforestation?

A

0.2-0.3% of forest species

23
Q

What are the oldest known fossils from 3.5 billion years ago?

A

Cyanobacteria (also called blue-green algae or eubacteria)

24
Q

How did oxygen get into the atmosphere?

A

Through Cyanobacteria photosynthesising

25
Q

When was earth formed?

A

4,600 million years ago

26
Q

What time period do the first animal fossils indicate?

A

600 million years ago

Pre-Cambrian

27
Q

What time period does the fossil record of biodiversity begin?

A

530 million years ago

Cambrian period

28
Q

When did the first insects evolve on the land?

A

350 million years ago

Carboniferous period

29
Q

When were the first reptiles and birds on earth?

A

170 million years ago

Jurassic period

30
Q

When did flowering plants evolve and when did reptiles become extinct?

A

145-65 million years ago

Cretaceous period

31
Q

When did modern mammals evolve?

A

1.8 million years ago

Quaternary

Biodiversity (6 decks)

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