Diversity of Life

Question 1

Properties of Life

Answer 1

1. Order 2. Evolutionary Adaptation 3. Response to the Environment 4. Regulation (homeostasis) 5. Energy Processing 6. Growth and Development 7. Reproduction

Question 2

Order

Answer 2

Organisms are highly organized, they contain specialized, coordinated parts, and consist of one or more cells.
Inside each cell, atoms make up molecules, which make up cell organelles and other cell inclusions (ribosomes, cytoskeleton)
In multicellular, cells form tissues, tissues create organs, organs form organ systems

Question 3

Response to Environmental Stimuli and examples

Answer 3

All living things detect changes and respond to them
ex. plants bend towards light (phototaxis)
ex. bacteria move toward or away from chemicals (chemotaxis)

Question 4

Growth and Development

Answer 4

All organisms grow and develop following instructions coded by their genes
Genes provide instructions that direct cellular growth so that species will grow up to exhibit many of the same characteristics as its parents

Question 5

Evolutionary Adaptation

Answer 5

Individuals with traits that contribute to reproduction and survival in a particular environment will leave more offspring

Question 6

What are advantageous traits

Answer 6

Adaptations
Will become more common in population

Question 7

What is the process of evolutionary adaptation called

Answer 7

Evolution by natural selection, explains the diverse species seen in biology

Question 8

Energy Processing

Answer 8

All organisms use a source of energy for their metabolic activities
ex. autotrophs and heterotrophs

Question 9

Autotrophs

Answer 9

Organisms capture energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy in food

Question 10

Heterotrophs

Answer 10

Use chemical energy in molecules they take in as food

Question 11

Regulation (Homeostasis)

Answer 11

Organisms are able to maintain internal conditions within a narrow range almost constantly

Question 12

Which feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis and What do they do

Answer 12

Negative Feedback Loop
Oppose the stimulus that triggers them
ex. if body is too cold it causes shivering
ex. body too hot it causes sweat to regulate body temp

Question 13

Process of Negative Feedback Loop

Answer 13

Stimulus -> Sensor -> Control -> Effector

Question 14

Reproduction
Single-celled and Multicellular

Answer 14

Single-celled organisms reproduce by first duplicating their DNA -> divide it equally as the cell prepares to divide to form two new cells
Multicellular produce specialized reproductive germ line cells (which produce either sperm of egg cells)

Question 15

What happens when reproduction occurs

Answer 15

Genes are passes along to an organisms offspring this ensures that the offspring will belong to the same species and have similar characteristics (size and shape)

Question 16

What are the Levels of Biological Organization

Answer 16

1. Biosphere 2. Ecosystem 3. Community 4. Population 5. Organism 6. Organs and Organ system 7. Tissues 8. Cells 9. Organelles 10. Molecules

Question 17

Biosphere

Answer 17

Part of planet supporting life and all of the organisms that live there

Question 18

Ecosystem

Answer 18

A community of living organisms (plants, animals, and microbes) in conjunction with non-living components of their environment (air, water, and mineral soil)

Question 19

Community

Answer 19

Populations of different species that live together in a defined area or region

Question 20

Population

Answer 20

All individuals (organisms) of a given specific species in a defined area or region

Question 21

Organ system

Answer 21

Group of organs that work together to perform a certain task

Question 22

Organ

Answer 22

Functional grouping of tissues

Question 23

Tissue

Answer 23

Collection of cells that is specialized to perform one or more particular function

Question 24

Cell

Answer 24

Lowest level of organization that can perform ALL activities required for life

Question 25

Organelle

Answer 25

A differentiated structure within a cell that performs a specific function

Question 26

Molecule

Answer 26

Smallest particle in a chemical element or compound that has the chemical properties of that element or compound

Question 27

Taxonomy

Answer 27

Branch of science that names and classifies biological organisms (living or extinct) and organizes them according to their similarities

Question 28

Order of taxonomic groups from BROADEST to most SPECIFIC Dashing King Philip Came Over From Great Spain

Answer 28

Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species

Question 29

What are the 3 domains of Life

Answer 29

Bacteria & Archaea, Eukarya

Question 30

Domain Bacteria What is it composed of? What is the kingdom

Answer 30

Composed of Prokaryotes Kingdom Eubacteria "Eu" (true)

Question 31

What is Archaea and examples

Answer 31

Special type of Prokaryote found in harsh/inhospitable environments (undersea volcanic vents, salty water) ex. halophiles (salty environments), thermophiles (heat producing or heat prone areas), acidophiles/alkaliphiles

Question 32

Domain Archaea What is it composed of? What is the kingdom?

Answer 32

Prokaryotes Kingdom Archaebacteria

Question 33

Domain Eukarya What is it composed of? examples? Kingdom names?

Answer 33

Composed of eukaryotes ex. protists, fungi, plants, and animals Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Plantae, Kingdom Animalia, Kingdom Protista

Question 34

Kingdom Fungi examples? cell type? cell wall?

Answer 34

Includes yeast(unicellular) , mildew, molds, and mushrooms (multicellular) Cell wall strengthened by chitin

Question 35

What do multicellular species such as molds, mildew, and mushrooms form

Answer 35

Long chains of cells called filamentous fungi

Question 36

Morphological elements of filamentous fungi examples?

Answer 36

Hyphae (long thread like structures) (collection is called mycelium) Vegetative hyphae Aerial Hyphae Reproductive (or fertile) Hyphae

Question 37

Different types of hyphae What is found in most members?

Answer 37

Vegetative hyphae - penetrate supporting medium and absorb nutrients Aerial hyphae - projects above supporting medium Reproductive hyphae - aerial hyphae that carry different spores A cell wall strengthened by chitin

Question 38

Kingdom Plantae examples? cell type? cell wall?

Answer 38

Vascular plants (ferns, gymnosperms(non-flowering), angiosperms(flowering) Non-vascular plants (mosses, hornworts, liverworts) cells are eukaryotic and autotrophs, multicellular cell wall contains cellulose

Question 39

Gymnosperms examples

Answer 39

vascular, non-flowering ex. fir, spruce, pine

Question 40

Kingdom Animalia examples? cell type? cell wall? heterotrophic or autotrophic?

Answer 40

Includes animals with and without backbones (invertebrates and vertebrates) ex. sponges, jellyfish, worms, amphibians, birds, mammals, reptiles, starfish, and insects Multicellular, eukaryotic, and heterotrophs No cell wall, extracellular matrix made up of glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and fibronectin

Question 41

What is unique in only kingdom animalia

Answer 41

Nervous tissue and muscle tissue

Question 42

What are Hox genes? Why are they important?

Answer 42

Homeotic genes regulate the development of body form important in the development of animal embryos, control the anterior to posterior organization of the body

Question 43

Kingdom Protista examples? cell type? heterotrophic or autotrophic?

Answer 43

Any eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, plant of fungus ex. algae, protozoa, slime molds multicellular (brown algae) or unicellular (diatoms, amoeba, paramecium) autotrophic or heterotrophic

Question 44

Binomial Nomenclature

Answer 44

Formal scientific system naming organisms consisting of genus and species genus -> homo species -> sapiens

Question 45

Which taxonomy groups make up a binomial nomenclature?

Answer 45

Genus and Species