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BISC 102 > Diversity of Life > Flashcards

Diversity of Life Flashcards

1
Q

Properties of Life

A
  1. Order 2. Evolutionary Adaptation 3. Response to the Environment 4. Regulation (homeostasis) 5. Energy Processing 6. Growth and Development 7. Reproduction
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2
Q

Order

A

Organisms are highly organized, they contain specialized, coordinated parts, and consist of one or more cells.
Inside each cell, atoms make up molecules, which make up cell organelles and other cell inclusions (ribosomes, cytoskeleton)
In multicellular, cells form tissues, tissues create organs, organs form organ systems

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3
Q

Response to Environmental Stimuli and examples

A

All living things detect changes and respond to them
ex. plants bend towards light (phototaxis)
ex. bacteria move toward or away from chemicals (chemotaxis)

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4
Q

Growth and Development

A

All organisms grow and develop following instructions coded by their genes
Genes provide instructions that direct cellular growth so that species will grow up to exhibit many of the same characteristics as its parents

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5
Q

Evolutionary Adaptation

A

Individuals with traits that contribute to reproduction and survival in a particular environment will leave more offspring

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6
Q

What are advantageous traits

A

Adaptations
Will become more common in population

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7
Q

What is the process of evolutionary adaptation called

A

Evolution by natural selection, explains the diverse species seen in biology

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8
Q

Energy Processing

A

All organisms use a source of energy for their metabolic activities
ex. autotrophs and heterotrophs

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9
Q

Autotrophs

A

Organisms capture energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy in food

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10
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Use chemical energy in molecules they take in as food

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11
Q

Regulation (Homeostasis)

A

Organisms are able to maintain internal conditions within a narrow range almost constantly

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12
Q

Which feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis and What do they do

A

Negative Feedback Loop
Oppose the stimulus that triggers them
ex. if body is too cold it causes shivering
ex. body too hot it causes sweat to regulate body temp

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13
Q

Process of Negative Feedback Loop

A

Stimulus -> Sensor -> Control -> Effector

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14
Q

Reproduction
Single-celled and Multicellular

A

Single-celled organisms reproduce by first duplicating their DNA -> divide it equally as the cell prepares to divide to form two new cells
Multicellular produce specialized reproductive germ line cells (which produce either sperm of egg cells)

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15
Q

What happens when reproduction occurs

A

Genes are passes along to an organisms offspring this ensures that the offspring will belong to the same species and have similar characteristics (size and shape)

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16
Q

What are the Levels of Biological Organization

A
  1. Biosphere 2. Ecosystem 3. Community 4. Population 5. Organism 6. Organs and Organ system 7. Tissues 8. Cells 9. Organelles 10. Molecules
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17
Q

Biosphere

A

Part of planet supporting life and all of the organisms that live there

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18
Q

Ecosystem

A

A community of living organisms (plants, animals, and microbes) in conjunction with non-living components of their environment (air, water, and mineral soil)

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19
Q

Community

A

Populations of different species that live together in a defined area or region

20
Q

Population

A

All individuals (organisms) of a given specific species in a defined area or region

21
Q

Organ system

A

Group of organs that work together to perform a certain task

22
Q

Organ

A

Functional grouping of tissues

23
Q

Tissue

A

Collection of cells that is specialized to perform one or more particular function

24
Q

Cell

A

Lowest level of organization that can perform ALL activities required for life

25
Q

Organelle

A

A differentiated structure within a cell that performs a specific function

26
Q

Molecule

A

Smallest particle in a chemical element or compound that has the chemical properties of that element or compound

27
Q

Taxonomy

A

Branch of science that names and classifies biological organisms (living or extinct) and organizes them according to their similarities

28
Q

Order of taxonomic groups from BROADEST to most SPECIFIC
Dashing King Philip Came Over From Great Spain

A

Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species

29
Q

What are the 3 domains of Life

A

Bacteria & Archaea, Eukarya

30
Q

Domain Bacteria
What is it composed of?
What is the kingdom

A

Composed of Prokaryotes
Kingdom Eubacteria “Eu” (true)

31
Q

What is Archaea and examples

A

Special type of Prokaryote found in harsh/inhospitable environments (undersea volcanic vents, salty water)
ex. halophiles (salty environments), thermophiles (heat producing or heat prone areas), acidophiles/alkaliphiles

32
Q

Domain Archaea
What is it composed of?
What is the kingdom?

A

Prokaryotes
Kingdom Archaebacteria

33
Q

Domain Eukarya
What is it composed of?
examples? Kingdom names?

A

Composed of eukaryotes
ex. protists, fungi, plants, and animals
Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Plantae, Kingdom Animalia, Kingdom Protista

34
Q

Kingdom Fungi
examples?
cell type?
cell wall?

A

Includes yeast(unicellular) , mildew, molds, and mushrooms (multicellular)
Cell wall strengthened by chitin

35
Q

What do multicellular species such as molds, mildew, and mushrooms form

A

Long chains of cells called filamentous fungi

36
Q

Morphological elements of filamentous fungi
examples?

A

Hyphae (long thread like structures)
(collection is called mycelium)
Vegetative hyphae
Aerial Hyphae
Reproductive (or fertile) Hyphae

37
Q

Different types of hyphae
What is found in most members?

A

Vegetative hyphae - penetrate supporting medium and absorb nutrients
Aerial hyphae - projects above supporting medium
Reproductive hyphae - aerial hyphae that carry different spores
A cell wall strengthened by chitin

38
Q

Kingdom Plantae
examples?
cell type?
cell wall?

A

Vascular plants (ferns, gymnosperms(non-flowering), angiosperms(flowering)
Non-vascular plants (mosses, hornworts, liverworts)
cells are eukaryotic and autotrophs, multicellular
cell wall contains cellulose

39
Q

Gymnosperms
examples

A

vascular, non-flowering
ex. fir, spruce, pine

40
Q

Kingdom Animalia
examples?
cell type?
cell wall?
heterotrophic or autotrophic?

A

Includes animals with and without backbones (invertebrates and vertebrates)
ex. sponges, jellyfish, worms, amphibians, birds, mammals, reptiles, starfish, and insects
Multicellular, eukaryotic, and heterotrophs
No cell wall, extracellular matrix made up of glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and fibronectin

41
Q

What is unique in only kingdom animalia

A

Nervous tissue and muscle tissue

42
Q

What are Hox genes?
Why are they important?

A

Homeotic genes
regulate the development of body form
important in the development of animal embryos, control the anterior to posterior organization of the body

43
Q

Kingdom Protista
examples?
cell type?
heterotrophic or autotrophic?

A

Any eukaryotic organism that is not an animal, plant of fungus
ex. algae, protozoa, slime molds
multicellular (brown algae) or unicellular (diatoms, amoeba, paramecium)
autotrophic or heterotrophic

44
Q

Binomial Nomenclature

A

Formal scientific system naming organisms consisting of genus and species
genus -> homo
species -> sapiens

45
Q

Which taxonomy groups make up a binomial nomenclature?

A

Genus and Species

BISC 102 (17 decks)

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