Diversity education

Question 1

What does diversity education aim to achieve?

Answer 1

Reduction in health inequalities
Enhances all patient - doctor encounters
Improves patient safety
Develops professionalism

Question 2

What is the cultural expertise model?

Answer 2

Training focuses on providing information about different groups based on one characteristic

Question 3

What does the Cultural expertise model assume?

Answer 3

Assumes that people who belong to a particular group will behave in a common way

Question 4

How does the cultural expertise model understand the minority perspective?

Answer 4

By first starting with the needs of the dominant majority

Question 5

What does being ‘culturally competent’ mean?

Answer 5

That providers are able to acknowledge that health inequalities exist for minority populations.

Question 6

What are the pros of cultural knowledge from cultural expertise model?

Answer 6

May give information that will help in clinical practice

Question 7

What may be the cons of cultural knowledge from cultural expertise model?

Answer 7

Inter vs Intra group heterogeneity
Static
Doesn't allow for acculturation
Risks over simplification and stereotyping
Too many categories to learn

Question 8

What is the first goal in cross-cultural education?

Answer 8

Understand how culture influences our thoughts, perceptions, biases and values

Question 9

What is the second goal of cross-cultural education?

Answer 9

Need to understand the nature of individual cultural identity as a multidimensional and dynamic construct

Question 10

What is ‘culture’?

Answer 10

a socially transmitted pattern of shared meanings by which people communicate, perpetuate and develop their knowledge and attitudes about life

Question 11

What is ethnocentrism?

Answer 11

The tendency to evaluate other groups according to the values and standards of one’s own cultural groups, especially with the conviction that one’s own cultural group is superior to the other groups. e.g. Nazi Germany

Question 12

What is medical Ethnocentrism?

Answer 12

The belief that healthcare providers, educated and socialised within a bio-medical context, have a superior value system and correct, accurate approach to healthcare.

Question 13

What can medical ethnocentrism lead to?

Answer 13

• negative consequences in patient care - especially with regards to communication
• patient refusal to communicate their beliefs for fear of negative reaction
• significant information for patient care may not be obtained
• healthcare provide may use their own beliefs only and be totally incorrect

Question 14

Individual culture is a dynamic entity - what is this based on?

Answer 14

heritage, individual circumstances, personal choice

Question 15

What is meant by stereotype?

Answer 15

Involve generalisations about ‘typical’ characteristics of members of a group

Question 16

What is meant by prejudice?

Answer 16

Attitude towards another person based solely on their membership of a group

Question 17

What is meant by discrimination?

Answer 17

Actual positive or negative actions towards the objects of prejudice.

Question 18

What is the cultural sensibility model?

Answer 18

We are a combination of different characteristics and that there is a complex interplay between internal and external factors to produce beings with their own sense of self and having a very personal culture

Question 19

What are challenges faced when working across cultural distance?

Answer 19

Effortful
Assumptions more likely to be wrong
Humour/Rapport
Language
Different expectations for the roles of DRs and patients
Different explanatory model

The greater the cultural distance the more likely that any assumptions that may be made will be wrong therefore more questions need to be asked of the patient and yourself

Question 20

What are generic capabilities in order to be understanding of an individuals culture?

Answer 20

flexibility
Inquisitiveness
Intellectual integrity
Open mindedness
Reflective