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Diversity Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Aristotle classification?

A

According to aristotle, animal are classified whether they lived on land,in water or in air

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2
Q

What is diversity?

A

It refers to the various organisms living in the same ecosystem.

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3
Q

What are the basis of classification

A

Complexity of cell
unicellular or multicellular
mode of nutrition
body design

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4
Q

What is evolution?

A

It is the transformation of organisms from simpler organisms to complex organisms Or from primitive to advanced

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5
Q

Name the famous book written by Charles Darwin

A

Origin of species in 1859

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6
Q

Who wrote origin of species

A

Charles Darwin

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7
Q

In which year origin of species was written

A

In year 1859

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8
Q

Who gave the five kingdom classification

A

Robert Whitaker

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9
Q

Name the kingdom is given by Robert Whitaker

A 
Monera
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
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10
Q

Which scientist further divided Kingdom monera

A

Carl woese

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11
Q

What were the further subdivisions of kingdom Monera

A

Archaebacteria

Eubacteria

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12
Q

State the order of hierarchy of classification

A 
Kingdom
 phylum/division
 class 
order
 family 
genus 
species
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13
Q

Is Monera are eukaryotic or prokaryotic

A

It is prokaryotic

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14
Q

Is Monera Unnicellur or multicellular

A

It is unicellular

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15
Q

Monera does not have defined – and –

A

Nucleus and organelles

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16
Q

What is the mode of nutrition of monera

A

It is either autotrophic or heterotrophic

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17
Q

Which organisms show autotrophic mode of nutrition

A

The organisms which are capable of producing their own food

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18
Q

Who are heterotrophic organisms

A

Organisms that are in capable of producing their own food

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19
Q

State characteristics of monera

A

unicellular
prokaryotic
Do not have defined nucleus and organelles
mode of nutrition-autotrophic or heterotrophic examples-Cynobacteria,mycoplasma,bacteria

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20
Q

Mycoplasma is a part of which kingdom

A

Monera

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21
Q

Anaebaena Is a part of which kingdom

A

Monera

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22
Q

State the unicellular and prokaryotic kingdom

A

Monera

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23
Q

State the characteristics of kingdom protista

A

Unnicellular
Eukaryotic
Locomotion showed by Cilia or flagella
Mode of nutrition- autotrophic or heterotrophic
Examples- euglena, algae, paramecium, amoeba, protozoans.

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24
Q

The organisms which are unicellular and eukaryotic can be a part of which kingdom

A

Protista

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25
Q

Euglena can be included in which kingdom

A

Protista

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26
Q

State the characteristics of fungi kingdom

A

Eukaryotic
multi cellular
cell wall is made up of chitin
Mood of nutrition could be saprophytic,parasitic or symbiotic
Examples- agaricus, pennicilum, yeast(saccharomyces).

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27
Q

Organisms of which kingdom have their cell wall is made up of Chitin

A

Fungi

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28
Q

In all three mode of nutrition shown by kingdom fungi

A

Saprophytic
Parasitic
Symbiotic

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29
Q

Who are Saprotrophs

A

Sprotrophs are there organisms which show saprophytic mode of nutrition.they feed on dead and decaying matters

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30
Q

What is sumbiotic mode of nutrition

A

In this, organisms are in a permanent mutually dependent realationship

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31
Q

Which species show symbiotic mode of nutrition

A

Lichens- fungi and cyanobacteria

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32
Q

What is the scientific name of yeast

A

Saccharomyces

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33
Q

Which organism has its scientific name as saccharomyces

A

Yeast

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34
Q

What are the characteristics of kingdom Plantae

A

Multi cellular
eukaryotic with cell walls
mode of nutrition autotrophic

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35
Q

On what basis where is classification amongst kingdom Plantae

A

1) Whether the plant body has well differentiated body parts
2) whether the differentiated plant body has specialised tissue for transportation 3)ability to bear seeds and whether the seeds are enclosed within fruits.

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36
Q

What are the divisions of kingdom Plantae

A 
Thallophtya
Bryophyta
Pteridophyta
Gymnosperm
Angiosperm
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37
Q

Characteristics of thallophyta

A

Do not have well differentiated body design
Commonly called- ALGAE
Their habitat is aquatic
Ex- ulothrix, chara, ulva, spirogyra,cladophora

38
Q

Ulothrix can be Included in which division of plantae

A

Thallophyta

39
Q

Who are commonly called Algae

A

Thallophytes

40
Q

Chara I’ll be included in which division of Plantae

A

Thallophyta

41
Q

Bryophytes are can also be called as-

A

Amphibians of the plant kingdom

42
Q

Who Are commonly called amphibians of the plant kingdom

A

Bryophytes

43
Q

Examples for bryophytes

A

Funeria
Ricca
Marchantia

44
Q

What is different in Pteridophyta comparatively to thallophytes and bryophytes

A

Pteridophyta have a specialised tissue for conduction of water and other substances

45
Q

Who are cryptogams

A

To gallons are the organisms which have reproductive organs hidden

46
Q

Divisions could be included in cryptograms

A

Pteridophytes bryophytes Thallophytes

47
Q

Who are the phanerogams

A

Dance with well differentiated reproductive parts these make seeds.

48
Q

Division of kingdom Plantae can be considered as phanerogams

A

angiosperm

Gymnosperms

49
Q

Meaning of gymno

A

Naked

50
Q

Meaning of angio

A

Covered

51
Q

Meaning of sperma

A

Seed

52
Q

Characteristics of gymnosperms

A

Perennial
ever Green
Woody

53
Q

Examples for gymnosperm

A

Pinus

Cycus

54
Q

Characteristics of angiosperm

A

Seed develop inside ovary
Plant embryos in seeds have structures called- COTOLEDONS
Further division- monocotyledonous or monocots(single seed)
Cotyledenous or dicots(two seeds)

55
Q

Name all phylums of animalia

A 
Porifera
Coelentrata
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Annelida
Arthropoda
Mollusca
Echinodermata
Protochorda
Vertebrata
56
Q

What are the characteristics of porifera?

A
  • non-motile
  • attached to a solid support- SUBSTRATUM
  • holes all over the body
  • these pores are called OSTIA
  • outside layer is called SKELETON
  • minimal differentiation
  • commonly called- SPONGES
  • marine habitat
  • diploblastic
  • cell wall- CaCO3, silica
  • ex- spongilla, sycon, euplectella
57
Q

What is the solid support to which poriferans are attached to is called?

A

Substratum

58
Q

Habitat of poriferans?

A

Aquatic habitat

59
Q

Characteristics for Animalia?

A 
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Mode of nutrition- heterotrophic
No cell walls
Further classification is done on the basis of body design
60
Q

What are poriferans also called as?

A

Sponges

61
Q

State characterstics for coelentrata.

A 
Habitat- aquatic
Diploblastic
Acoelomate
Sone live in colonies while other live as a solitary like-span.
Radially symmetrical
Ex-hydra, jellyfish, anemones
62
Q

Which two embryonic germ layers are present in diploblastic organisms?

A

Ectoderm

Endoderm

63
Q

What seperates ectoderm and endoderm?

A

Mesolgea

64
Q

State characteristics of Platyhelminthes

A 
Bilaterally symmetrical
Triplobpastic
Acoelomate
Have hooks and suckers to stick their host
For excretion- solenocytes (flame cells)
Body is flattened DORSOVENTRALLY
Also known as- FLAT WORMS
Ex- planaria, liverflukes, tapeworn
65
Q

Who are also known as flatworns?

A

Platyhelminthes

66
Q

State characteristics of nematodes

A 
Triploblastic
Pseudocoelomate 
bilaterally symmetrical
 cylindrical in shape 
mode of nutrition - parasitic
Ex- ascaris, wuchereria, enterobius
67
Q

Which worms cause elephatiasis?

A

Filarial worms

68
Q

When can roundworm or pinworm be found?

A

Intestines of human

69
Q

State characteristics of annelida

A 
Bilaterally Symmetrical 
triploblastic 
body segmented
Coelomate
Habitat- fresh water, marine water and lands.
Ex- earthworm, leech, nereis
70
Q

State characteristics of arthropods

A 
Triploblastic 
segmented body
 biliterally symmetrical
 largest group of animals 
open circulatory system
Coelomate
Excretory organs- malghigian tubulesand green glands
Ex- house fly, butterfly, spider, prawn, cockroach
71
Q

Which is the largest group of Animalia

A

Arthropoda

72
Q

State characterstics of mollusca

A 
Bilaterally symmetrical
Triploblastic
Little segmentation 
open circulatory system 
second largest group of animals 
Coelomate 
kidney like organ for excretion METANEPHRIDIA
Ex- octopus, pila, chitton
73
Q

What is the excretory organ for mollusca?

A

Metanephridia

74
Q

Which phylum is the second largest group of animalia?

A

Mollusca

75
Q

State characterstics of echinodermata

A 
Triploblastic
Coelomate
Radially symmetrical
Skeleton made up of calcium carbonate
Free living
Habitat:- marine
Ex- sea urchins, sea stars, feather star. Sea cucumber
76
Q

Meaning of echinodermata

A

Echino- spiny

Derm- skin

77
Q

State charactestics for protochordata

A 
Bilaterally stmmetrical
Triploblastic
Notochord - dorsal supporting rod running along the back.
Habitat- marine
Ex- herdmania, balanoglossus
78
Q

Balanoglossus is in which phylum

A

Protochorda

79
Q

State characteristics of vertebrata

A 
The notochord changes to vertebral column.
Bilaterally symmetrical 
Triploblastic
Coelomate
Have paired gill pouches
80
Q

What are the super phylum of vertebrate

A

Agnatha

Gnathostomata

81
Q

Difference between agnatha and gnathostomata

A

Agnatha- vertebrates not having jaws ex- cyclostomata
Gnathostomata- vertebrates having jaws.
Ex- pisces and terapoda( aves, amphibian, mammalia, reptilia)

82
Q

State characteristics of cyclostomata

A 
Jawless
Ecto parasitic
Circular mouth
Eel like body
Ex- lamprey, hagfish
83
Q

Which classes of vertabrata are tetrapoda ?

A

Aves
Amphibian
Reptilia
Mammalia

84
Q

State characterstics of pisces

A 
Have gills for respiration
2 chambers in heart 
Cold blooded
Exoskeleton- scales
Oviparous
Streamlined body
Have find 
Muscular tail for movement
Ex- lion fish, dog fish, string ray
85
Q

State characterstics of amphibians

A 
Gills and lungs for respiration
3 chambers in heart
Cold blooded
Oviparous
Ex- frog, salamander, toad
86
Q

State characterstics for reptilia

A 
Lungs for respiration 
3 chambers (4 in crocodile)
Cold blooded
Scales as exoskeleton 
Oviparous
Ex- king cobra, flying lizard, turtle
87
Q

State characterstics of aves

A 
Lungs as reproduction 
4 chambered heart
Warm blood
Exoskeleton- feathers
Oviparous 
Streamlined
Modification for flight
Hollow bones
Ex- crow, pigeon, sparrow
88
Q

State characterstics of mammalia

A 
Lungs
4 chambered heart
Warm blooded
Exoskeleton- fur/ hair
Viviparous (echidna, platypus-oviparous)
Mammary glands(female)
Oil, sweat glands
Ex- rat, bat, cat, human
89
Q

Hagfish is a part of which class?

A

Cyclostomata

90
Q

Which class has modification for flight

A

Aves

Biology (2 decks)

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