Diversity Flashcards
What is Aristotle classification?
According to aristotle, animal are classified whether they lived on land,in water or in air
What is diversity?
It refers to the various organisms living in the same ecosystem.
What are the basis of classification
Complexity of cell
unicellular or multicellular
mode of nutrition
body design
What is evolution?
It is the transformation of organisms from simpler organisms to complex organisms Or from primitive to advanced
Name the famous book written by Charles Darwin
Origin of species in 1859
Who wrote origin of species
Charles Darwin
In which year origin of species was written
In year 1859
Who gave the five kingdom classification
Robert Whitaker
Name the kingdom is given by Robert Whitaker
Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia
Which scientist further divided Kingdom monera
Carl woese
What were the further subdivisions of kingdom Monera
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
State the order of hierarchy of classification
Kingdom phylum/division class order family genus species
Is Monera are eukaryotic or prokaryotic
It is prokaryotic
Is Monera Unnicellur or multicellular
It is unicellular
Monera does not have defined – and –
Nucleus and organelles
What is the mode of nutrition of monera
It is either autotrophic or heterotrophic
Which organisms show autotrophic mode of nutrition
The organisms which are capable of producing their own food
Who are heterotrophic organisms
Organisms that are in capable of producing their own food
State characteristics of monera
unicellular
prokaryotic
Do not have defined nucleus and organelles
mode of nutrition-autotrophic or heterotrophic examples-Cynobacteria,mycoplasma,bacteria
Mycoplasma is a part of which kingdom
Monera
Anaebaena Is a part of which kingdom
Monera
State the unicellular and prokaryotic kingdom
Monera
State the characteristics of kingdom protista
Unnicellular
Eukaryotic
Locomotion showed by Cilia or flagella
Mode of nutrition- autotrophic or heterotrophic
Examples- euglena, algae, paramecium, amoeba, protozoans.
The organisms which are unicellular and eukaryotic can be a part of which kingdom
Protista
Euglena can be included in which kingdom
Protista
State the characteristics of fungi kingdom
Eukaryotic
multi cellular
cell wall is made up of chitin
Mood of nutrition could be saprophytic,parasitic or symbiotic
Examples- agaricus, pennicilum, yeast(saccharomyces).
Organisms of which kingdom have their cell wall is made up of Chitin
Fungi
In all three mode of nutrition shown by kingdom fungi
Saprophytic
Parasitic
Symbiotic
Who are Saprotrophs
Sprotrophs are there organisms which show saprophytic mode of nutrition.they feed on dead and decaying matters
What is sumbiotic mode of nutrition
In this, organisms are in a permanent mutually dependent realationship
Which species show symbiotic mode of nutrition
Lichens- fungi and cyanobacteria
What is the scientific name of yeast
Saccharomyces
Which organism has its scientific name as saccharomyces
Yeast
What are the characteristics of kingdom Plantae
Multi cellular
eukaryotic with cell walls
mode of nutrition autotrophic
On what basis where is classification amongst kingdom Plantae
1) Whether the plant body has well differentiated body parts
2) whether the differentiated plant body has specialised tissue for transportation 3)ability to bear seeds and whether the seeds are enclosed within fruits.
What are the divisions of kingdom Plantae
Thallophtya Bryophyta Pteridophyta Gymnosperm Angiosperm
Characteristics of thallophyta
Do not have well differentiated body design
Commonly called- ALGAE
Their habitat is aquatic
Ex- ulothrix, chara, ulva, spirogyra,cladophora
Ulothrix can be Included in which division of plantae
Thallophyta
Who are commonly called Algae
Thallophytes
Chara I’ll be included in which division of Plantae
Thallophyta
Bryophytes are can also be called as-
Amphibians of the plant kingdom
Who Are commonly called amphibians of the plant kingdom
Bryophytes
Examples for bryophytes
Funeria
Ricca
Marchantia
What is different in Pteridophyta comparatively to thallophytes and bryophytes
Pteridophyta have a specialised tissue for conduction of water and other substances
Who are cryptogams
To gallons are the organisms which have reproductive organs hidden
Divisions could be included in cryptograms
Pteridophytes bryophytes Thallophytes
Who are the phanerogams
Dance with well differentiated reproductive parts these make seeds.
Division of kingdom Plantae can be considered as phanerogams
angiosperm
Gymnosperms
Meaning of gymno
Naked
Meaning of angio
Covered
Meaning of sperma
Seed
Characteristics of gymnosperms
Perennial
ever Green
Woody
Examples for gymnosperm
Pinus
Cycus
Characteristics of angiosperm
Seed develop inside ovary
Plant embryos in seeds have structures called- COTOLEDONS
Further division- monocotyledonous or monocots(single seed)
Cotyledenous or dicots(two seeds)
Name all phylums of animalia
Porifera Coelentrata Platyhelminthes Nematoda Annelida Arthropoda Mollusca Echinodermata Protochorda Vertebrata
What are the characteristics of porifera?
- non-motile
- attached to a solid support- SUBSTRATUM
- holes all over the body
- these pores are called OSTIA
- outside layer is called SKELETON
- minimal differentiation
- commonly called- SPONGES
- marine habitat
- diploblastic
- cell wall- CaCO3, silica
- ex- spongilla, sycon, euplectella
What is the solid support to which poriferans are attached to is called?
Substratum
Habitat of poriferans?
Aquatic habitat
Characteristics for Animalia?
Eukaryotic Multicellular Mode of nutrition- heterotrophic No cell walls Further classification is done on the basis of body design
What are poriferans also called as?
Sponges
State characterstics for coelentrata.
Habitat- aquatic Diploblastic Acoelomate Sone live in colonies while other live as a solitary like-span. Radially symmetrical Ex-hydra, jellyfish, anemones
Which two embryonic germ layers are present in diploblastic organisms?
Ectoderm
Endoderm
What seperates ectoderm and endoderm?
Mesolgea
State characteristics of Platyhelminthes
Bilaterally symmetrical Triplobpastic Acoelomate Have hooks and suckers to stick their host For excretion- solenocytes (flame cells) Body is flattened DORSOVENTRALLY Also known as- FLAT WORMS Ex- planaria, liverflukes, tapeworn
Who are also known as flatworns?
Platyhelminthes
State characteristics of nematodes
Triploblastic Pseudocoelomate bilaterally symmetrical cylindrical in shape mode of nutrition - parasitic Ex- ascaris, wuchereria, enterobius
Which worms cause elephatiasis?
Filarial worms
When can roundworm or pinworm be found?
Intestines of human
State characteristics of annelida
Bilaterally Symmetrical triploblastic body segmented Coelomate Habitat- fresh water, marine water and lands. Ex- earthworm, leech, nereis
State characteristics of arthropods
Triploblastic segmented body biliterally symmetrical largest group of animals open circulatory system Coelomate Excretory organs- malghigian tubulesand green glands Ex- house fly, butterfly, spider, prawn, cockroach
Which is the largest group of Animalia
Arthropoda
State characterstics of mollusca
Bilaterally symmetrical Triploblastic Little segmentation open circulatory system second largest group of animals Coelomate kidney like organ for excretion METANEPHRIDIA Ex- octopus, pila, chitton
What is the excretory organ for mollusca?
Metanephridia
Which phylum is the second largest group of animalia?
Mollusca
State characterstics of echinodermata
Triploblastic Coelomate Radially symmetrical Skeleton made up of calcium carbonate Free living Habitat:- marine Ex- sea urchins, sea stars, feather star. Sea cucumber
Meaning of echinodermata
Echino- spiny
Derm- skin
State charactestics for protochordata
Bilaterally stmmetrical Triploblastic Notochord - dorsal supporting rod running along the back. Habitat- marine Ex- herdmania, balanoglossus
Balanoglossus is in which phylum
Protochorda
State characteristics of vertebrata
The notochord changes to vertebral column. Bilaterally symmetrical Triploblastic Coelomate Have paired gill pouches
What are the super phylum of vertebrate
Agnatha
Gnathostomata
Difference between agnatha and gnathostomata
Agnatha- vertebrates not having jaws ex- cyclostomata
Gnathostomata- vertebrates having jaws.
Ex- pisces and terapoda( aves, amphibian, mammalia, reptilia)
State characteristics of cyclostomata
Jawless Ecto parasitic Circular mouth Eel like body Ex- lamprey, hagfish
Which classes of vertabrata are tetrapoda ?
Aves
Amphibian
Reptilia
Mammalia
State characterstics of pisces
Have gills for respiration 2 chambers in heart Cold blooded Exoskeleton- scales Oviparous Streamlined body Have find Muscular tail for movement Ex- lion fish, dog fish, string ray
State characterstics of amphibians
Gills and lungs for respiration 3 chambers in heart Cold blooded Oviparous Ex- frog, salamander, toad
State characterstics for reptilia
Lungs for respiration 3 chambers (4 in crocodile) Cold blooded Scales as exoskeleton Oviparous Ex- king cobra, flying lizard, turtle
State characterstics of aves
Lungs as reproduction 4 chambered heart Warm blood Exoskeleton- feathers Oviparous Streamlined Modification for flight Hollow bones Ex- crow, pigeon, sparrow
State characterstics of mammalia
Lungs 4 chambered heart Warm blooded Exoskeleton- fur/ hair Viviparous (echidna, platypus-oviparous) Mammary glands(female) Oil, sweat glands Ex- rat, bat, cat, human
Hagfish is a part of which class?
Cyclostomata
Which class has modification for flight
Aves
