Diverse Places - Case Studies Flashcards
Statistics/examples for migration to the UK
1948 - British nationality act gave UK citizenship to people from the commonwealth to fill post-war worker shortages
1950’s - Black Caribbean’s (approx. 550,000)
1950-70’s - Pakistani and Indian (approx. 1.75m)
2004 - Tony Blair opened EU borders attracting large numbers of eastern Europeans
Population density statistics
Average pop density in UK = 266ppl per km2
South East and London have the greatest population density
Scotland has the lowest population density due to highlands (fewer employment and isolation and less hospitable climate)
St Albans (outer city area)
Commuter town, 37% of population between 30 and 55
Peaceful lifestyle with easy commuting access to London for work or services
More women than men due to life expectancy higher for females
Less youthful population than inner city areas as they move out for education or to be closer to London for services
What was a major external force that shaped Stratford’s recent development
The 2012 London Olympics regeneration project – brought £9bn of investment and major redevelopment of housing, infrastructure, and public space to the surrounding area.
How has gentrification affected lived experience in Stratford?
Some residents benefited from new jobs and facilities, while others were priced out or displaced due to rising rents and house prices.
e.g. carpenters estate
What inequality remains despite regeneration in Newham?
Although Stratford has seen large-scale redevelopment and improved infrastructure, inequality persists because the benefits have been unevenly distributed.
Gentrification has improved the area for some, but longstanding residents continue to experience poverty, unemployment, and poor health outcomes,
showing that regeneration does not automatically lead to greater equality
What kind of population change is occurring in South Cambridgeshire?
Ageing population due to out-migration of young people and in-migration of older, wealthier residents (retirees or commuters)
What is counter-urbanisation and how has it affected South Cambridgeshire?
Movement of people from cities to rural areas – brought demand for housing and increased house prices, affecting local affordability.
How has rural gentrification impacted South Cambridgeshire?
Increase in second homes and large, expensive new builds – leads to loss of local services and changing community identity.
What are the economic characteristics of South Cambridgeshire?
Generally affluent with high rates of employment – many residents commute to Cambridge or London in high-skilled jobs.
How do perceptions differ between residents in South Cambridgeshire?
Long-time residents may feel the area is losing its identity and local services, while newcomers may view it as peaceful and desirable.
What is a key cultural characteristic of the area?
Relatively homogenous population – over 90% White British, with strong community traditions and lower ethnic diversity than urban areas.
Victorian London
Urban area that grew due to the industrial revolution
Huge overpopulation - poor living conditions and lack of healthcare
Water pollution problems
Diseases
Average life expectancy was 37 years old
Met police established
Parallel examples include Mumbai and Lagos
Boston, Lincolnshire
Highest proportion of eastern European migrants in the UK
Many tensions have arisen (2013 UKIP taking 16 seats from conservatives in local elections)
Wave of Lithuanian and Polish immigrants
50% of children born in Boston have at least one foreign parent
Russian Oligarchs
Russian billionaire elites move to high end areas in London such as Mayfair, Chelsea and South Kensington
Nearby to Russian embassy
Expensive and exclusive
Invest money in British property, more secure than keeping money with corrupt government in Russia
Southall - Population Stats
83% of population are ethnic minorities
Largest Sikh community in London
Luton - Immigration statistics and tensions
Seen several waves of immigration, so has a diverse ethnic mix, significantly Asian (27%)
One of the three British minority towns in the UK
However 81% of the population define themselves as British
Lots of tensions and extremism (EDL and Al Muhajiroun)
Glasgow - Deindustrialisation and it’s problems
Under Thatcher’s government Glasgow experienced de-industrialisation which led to a decline of jobs and led to poverty
High rise flats built to try tackle poor quality and old housing, but considered “vertical slums” and then demolished.
Problems with anti social behaviour
Slough diversity stats
Ethnically diverse
34.5% White British
15.5% of households contain no person with English as their first language
61% of pop born in UK
Slough borough council achievements
3 Housing developments in the town centre
29 new council-rented homes
The curve - a new cultural learning centre
A new sport’s stadium for Slough Town FC
What is Slough’s Cultural Community Group?
Aik Saath
Works with people from all communities to encourage conflict resolution and community cohesion
Cornwall Benefits of counter urbanisation
Beach location
Scenery
Sparsely populated (biggest town population only 35,000)
High quality housing
Better climate
Superfast broadband
Cornwall downsides of rural idyll (counter urbanisation or tourism)
Remote - no nearby motorways
Brain drain - lack of social opportunities
Limited services
Tourism brings a poor reputation to certain areas
Poor access to healthcare
Eden project
Transformed landscape from former clay quarry to completely re imagined environment
Generated 1.1bn for the economy in the first year
Directly employed 450 people
Extended tourism from being seasonal
Increased travel times and congestion
