Diverse places (case studies)

Question 1

Statistics/examples for migration to the UK

Answer 1

1948 - British nationality act gave UK citizenship to people from the commonwealth to fill post-war worker shortages
1950’s - Black Caribbean’s (approx. 550,000)
1950-70’s - Pakistani and Indian (approx. 1.75m)
2004 - Tony Blair opened EU borders attracting large numbers of eastern Europeans

Question 2

Population density statistics

Answer 2

Average pop density in UK = 266ppl per km2
South East and London have the greatest population density
Scotland has the lowest population density due to highlands (fewer employment and isolation and less hospitable climate)

Question 3

Changes to UK urban areas over time (1950s - 2010s)

Answer 3

Post war - Little investment in urban areas due to war. Social housing built in 1950s
1960s - Economic boom and industrialisation, suburban development
1970s - Run down inner city terraced houses replaced by high rise flats
1980s - Economic recession and deindustrialisation. Counter-urbanisation
1990s - Suburbanisation, demolition of poor quality 70s flats
2000s- Suburbanisation continues, immigration from EU increase cultural diversity. 2008 financial crisis led to high-street shop closures
2010s - Increase in house prices, suburban growth, private investment and gentrification

Question 4

Changes to UK rural areas (5 points)

Answer 4

• Services in rural settlements experience decline due to commuters and sleeper settlements
• Increased mechanisation of farmers reduces the need tor farmworkers
• Development of transport and widespread car ownership
• Scenic coastal locations become popular centres or retirement adding to ageing population structure (North Norfolk, Bournemouth)
• Boston in Lincolnshire have received significant numbers of international migrants to work in agriculture or food processing

Question 5

London population characteristics

Answer 5

Population of 8.5 million
Youthful population
Median age is 33 (UK average = 39.4)

Question 6

London ethnicity statistics

Answer 6

45% are White British
37% born overseas
Social clustering (Banglatown in Brick lane)
Suburbs have higher population of white British people (larger more desirable homes)

Question 7

Haringey stats (inner city area)

Answer 7

Young population (33% of population 25-40)
Relatively affordable for London
Higher male population (50.1%) due to primarily male immigrants moving for work.
Narrowing top of pyramid as the older population choose to emigrate and retire outside of London

Question 8

St Albans (outer city area)

Answer 8

Commuter town, 37% of population between 30 and 55
Peaceful lifestyle with easy commuting access to London for work or services
More women than men due to life expectancy higher for females
Less youthful population as they move out for education or to be closer to London for services

Question 9

North Norfolk (rural area)

Answer 9

Tall pyramid (9% of population over 80) as its an attractive coastline retirement location
More women than men (life expectancy)
Very narrow base, low birth rate as the working population moved to urban areas for employment

Question 10

Victorian London

Answer 10

Urban area that grew due to the industrial revolution
Huge overpopulation - poor living conditions and lack of healthcare
Water pollution problems
Diseases
Average life expectancy was 37 years old
Met police established
Parallel examples include Mumbai and Lagos

Question 11

Tottenham population characteristics

Answer 11

Total pop - 129,000 people
48% of residents born in the UK
Very ethnically diverse (22% white British)
Youthful population (median age 33)
23% of households contain no person with English as main language

Question 12

Tottenham challenges

Answer 12

Unemployment and lack of social mobility (10k+ out of work)
Unaffordable housing due to drastic house price increase
Low environmental quality
Densely populated
Social tensions
Immigration
high crime rates (average 100 gun crimes a year and 5000 violent offenses a year)

Question 13

Boston, Lincolnshire

Answer 13

Highest proportion of eastern European migrants in the UK
Many tensions have arisen (2013 UKIP taking 16 seats from conservatives in local elections)
Wave of Lithuanian and Polish immigrants
50% of children born in Boston have at least one foreign parent

Question 14

Russian Oligarchs

Answer 14

Russian billionaire elites move to high end areas in London such as Mayfair, Chelsea and South Kensington
Nearby to Russian embassy
Expensive and exclusive
Invest money in British property, more secure than keeping money with corrupt government in Russia

Question 15

Southall

Answer 15

83% of population are ethnic minorities
Largest Sikh community in London

Question 16

Luton

Answer 16

Seen several waves of immigration, so has a diverse ethnic mix, significantly Asian (27%)
One of the three British minority towns in the UK However 81% of the population define themselves as British
Lots of tensions and extremism (EDL and Al Muhajiroun)

Question 17

Glasgow

Answer 17

Under Thatcher’s government Glasgow experienced de-industrialisation which led to a decline of jobs and led to poverty
High rise flats built to try tackle poor quality and old housing, but considered “vertical slums” and then demolished.
Problems with anti social behaviour

Question 18

Slough diversity stats

Answer 18

Ethnically diverse
34.5% White British
15.5% of households contain no person with English as their first language
61% of pop born in UK

Question 19

Slough borough council

Answer 19

3 Housing developments in the town centre
29 new council-rented homes
The curve - a new cultural learning centre
A new sport’s stadium for Slough Town FC

Question 20

Slough Community Group

Answer 20

Aik Saath
Works with people from all communities to encourage conflict resolution and community cohesion

Question 21

Cornwall Benefits

Answer 21

Beach location
Scenery
Sparsely populated (biggest town population only 35,000)
High quality housing
Better climate
Superfast broadband

Question 22

Cornwall downsides

Answer 22

Remote - no nearby motorways
Climate - frequent storms and high rainfall in winter
Erosion - 2014 railway line destruction led to income loss for hotels
Brain drain - lack of social opportunities
Limited services
Tourism brings a poor reputation to certain areas
Poor access to healthcare

Question 23

Eden project

Answer 23

Transformed landscape from former clay quarry to completely re imagined environment
Generated 1.1bn for the economy in the first year
Directly employed 450 people
Extended tourism from being seasonal
Increased travel times and congestion
High ticket prices

Question 24

Brent vs Bromley

Answer 24

• Similar populations (325k)
• Population density 3.5x higher in Brent
• Population change rate almost 4x higher in Brent
• 35% vs 18% of children in poverty
• 36% white British in Brent, 78% in Bromley
• Higher birth rates
• Net natural change 3x higher in Brent