Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MUD PUP STUDY GUIDE > Dive medical questions > Flashcards

Dive medical questions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nervous system comprised of ?

A

Brain, spinal chord, and complex network of nerves that course through the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

A

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and the sympathetic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A

Left and right atrium (upper chambers) and left and right ventricles (lower chambers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the atrium chamber do ?

A

Receives blood from the veins of its circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the ventricle chamber do?

A

Takes blood from the atrium and pumps it away via the main artery. (They have the thickest and most muscular walls)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do arteries do ?

A

Carry blood from the heart to capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do veins do?

A

Return blood from the capillaries to the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Circulatory system consists of what two circuits ?

A

Pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Pulmonary circuit

A

Serves the lungs capillaries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Systemic circuit

A

Serves the tissues capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the main veins in the upper chest ?

A

Superior and inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does Superior vena cava do

A

Receives blood from upper half of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does inferior vena cava do

A

Receives blood from area of the body below the diaphragm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is hemoglobin

A

Cells that carry oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many respiration phases are there and what are the phases?

A
  • 6 phases
    1. Ventilation of the lungs with fresh air
    2. Exchange of gases between blood and air in the lungs
    3. Transport of gases by blood
    4. Exchange of gases by blood and tissue fluids
    5. Exchange of gases between the tissue fluids and cells
    6. Use and production of gases by cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hypoxia

A

Is lack of oxygen in arterial blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Symptoms of hypoxia

A 
(Cilli wld) SILLY WORLD
C-cyanosis
i- increased pulse and b/p
L-lack of concentration 
L- lack of muscle control
i- inability to perform

W- weakness
L- loss of consciousness
D- drowsiness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which tissue is most susceptible to the effect of hypoxia ?

A

Brain tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Hypercapnia

A

An abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the blood and body tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Symptoms of hypercapnia

A

(I child)
I- increased respiration and heart

C- confusion
H- headache
I- inability to concentrate 
L- loss of consciousness 
D- drowsiness
21
Q

What are the prerequisites for a squeeze ?

A 
G- gas filled space 
R- rigid walls 
A- a change in ambient pressure 
V- vascular penetration (air pushing through tissues) 
E- enclosed space
22
Q

What is a squeeze(barotrauma) ?

A

Damage to body tissues due to an incorrect equalization of pressure

23
Q

Different types of squeezes

A
  • Middle ear squeeze/reverse
  • sinus squeeze/reverse
  • tooth squeeze
  • external ear squeeze/reverse
  • Thoracic (lung) squeeze
  • face or body squeeze
  • inner ear squeeze/reverse
24
Q

What is a middle ear squeeze ?

A

-The most common type of barotrauma

25
Q

What is a tooth squeeze (barodontaglia)

A

Occurs when a small pocket of gas,generated by decay, is lodged under a poorly fitted or cracked filling

26
Q

How does external ear squeeze happen?

A

Happens when hood is too tight or have ear plugs in.

27
Q

What is a thoracic (lung) squeeze

A

Happens when you take a breath at surface and hold your breath through your whole descent,eventually you’ll get a lung squeeze

28
Q

What is Gastrointestinal distention

A

Aided by gas being generated in the intestines during a dive, or by swallowing air (aerophagia). These pockets of gas should work their way out, if not distention occurs.

29
Q

Pulmonary overinflation syndromes

A

Is a group of barotrauma related diseases caused by ascending too quickly or holding you breather on ascent.

30
Q

What are the two main causes of alveolar rupture in diving?

A
  • excessive pressure inside the lung caused by positive pressure
  • failure of expanding gas to escape from the lung during ascent
31
Q

What is the most dangerous POIS? (Pulmonary overinflation syndrome)

A

Age (arterial gas embolism)

32
Q

What is an AGE? (Arterial gas embolism)

A

An obstruction of blood flow cause by gas bubbles (emboli) entering the arterial circulation.

33
Q

What are the symptoms of age?

A 
UNDER-unconsciousness 
WATER- weakness 
PEOPLE- paralysis 
NEED- numbness 
EXTREMELY- ear, ringing, roar
BIG- blurred or distorted vision 
DRINKS- dizziness 
FOR- fatigue, extreme for amount of work done
PARTYING- pins and needles
34
Q

What is mediastinal emphysema ?

A

Air bubbles in the chest area.
- gas that is forced through lung tissue into the loose mediastinal tissues in the middle of the chest surrounding the heart, trachea and major blood vessels.

35
Q

What is subcutaneous emphysema?

A

Air bubbles going to the neck area.
- gas that subsequently migrated into the subcutaneous tissues of the neck. MEDIASTINAL EMPHYSEMA is a prerequisite for subcutaneous emphysema.

36
Q

What is a pneumothorax?

A

-Is air trapped in the pleural space between the lung and the chest wall.

37
Q

Difference between simple pneumothorax and tension pneumothorax?

A

Simple pneumothorax has one pop of air rupturing lung , tension pneumothorax it happens continuously.

38
Q

What is nitrogen narcosis ?

A

A state of euphoria that occurs to a diver when the nitrogen partial pressure is greater than approximately 4 ata.

39
Q

When does nitrogen narcosis appear?

A

Usually appears at approximately 130 fsw, very prominent at a depth of 200 fsw, and becomes disabling at deeper depths.

40
Q

What are symptoms of nitrogen narcosis ?

A
  • loss of judgment or skill
  • a false feeling of well being
  • lack of concern for job or safety
  • apparent stupidity
  • inappropriate laughter
  • tingling and vague numbness of the lips, and gums, and legs
41
Q

When should helium-oxygen mixtures be considered ?

A

Any dive in excess of 150 fsw

42
Q

What are the two oxygen toxicity experienced by divers?

A

Pulmonary toxicity and central nervous system (CNS) oxygen toxicity.

43
Q

Prerequisite for a squeeze

A 
G-gas filled space
R-rigid walls
A-ambient pressure change
V- vascular penetration 
E- enclosed space
44
Q

Pulmonary o2 toxicity symptoms

A

C-cough, severe
B- breathing shortness of breath
S- substernal chest pain

45
Q

Type 1 dcs symptoms

A

P- pain
M- marbling
S- swelling of lymph nodes

46
Q

Type 2 dcs is divided into what three categories ?

A
  1. Neurological
  2. Inner ear (staggers)
  3. Cardiopulmonary (chokes)
47
Q

Two types of recompression treatment tables

A
  1. Oxygen tables ( significantly more effective than air tables
  2. Air tables ( only used after oxygen system failure or intolerable patient oxygen toxicity problems with DMO recommendation
48
Q

Steps of POIS

A 
1- pulmonary overinflation 
2- RUPTURE OF THE ALVEOLAR LINING 
3- pulmonary interstitial emphysema 
       4A- AGE
        4B- mediastinal Emphysema 
         4C- Subcutaneous Emphysema 
        4D- pneumothorax (tension pneumothorax)

MUD PUP STUDY GUIDE (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions