Dive Injuries Flashcards
Level 1 chamber distance
5-7 minutes
Level 2 chamber distance
1 hour
Level 3 chamber distance
6 hours
Symptoms of Type 1 DCS
Pain
Marbling
Swelling
CNS O2 Toxicity - VENTIDTC
Central nervous system oxygen toxicity occurs when the pp02 exceeds 1.3 ata in a wet diver or 2.4 ata in a dry diver.
V- Visual disturbances
E- Ears ringing/roaring
N- Nausea
T- Twitching of facial muscles
I- Irritability
D- Dizziness
T- Tingling of extremities
C- Convulsions
Pulmonary O2 Toxicity - CBS
Pulmonary oxygen toxicity occurs when pp02 exceeds 0.5 ata.
C- Coughing
B- Breathing, shortness of breath
S- Substernal chest pain
Type I DCS - PMS
Type I decompression sickness is when gas bubbles in the blood don’t dissolve fully on accent and effects your extremities. Caused by a diver accenting to fast and not taking proper decompression stops.
Notes: - “The bends” - Pain bending joints - Is NOT life threatening
P- Pain
M- Marbling
S- Swelling of lymph nodes
Type II DCS - UWPNEBDFP
Type II decompression sickness is when gas bubbles in the blood don’t dissolve fully on accent.
Notes: - Symptoms occur after 10 minutes of surfacing - Effects the T-shirt area - IS life threatening- Can affect the central nervous system, respiratory system, or circulatory system
Under- Unconsciousness
Water- Weakness
People- Paralysis
Need- Numbness
Extremely- Ears ringing/roaring
Big- Blurred vision
Drinks- Dizziness
For- Fatigue
Partying- Pins and needles
Hypoxia - CILLI WLD (Silly World)
Lack of oxygen in the blood.
Notes: - The brain is the most vulnerable organ in the body to the effects of hypoxia - Impedes the normal function of cells and eventually kill them
C- Cyanosis
I- Increased pulse and blood pressure
L- Lack of muscle control
L- Lack of concentration
I- Inability to perform difficult task
W- Weakness
L- Loss of consciousness
D- Drowsiness
Hypercapnia - I CHILD
High levels of carbon dioxide in the blood and body tissues.
Notes: - Can be caused by skip breathing
I- Increased respiration and heart rate
C- Confusion
H- Headache
I- Inability to concentrate
L- Loss of consciousness
D- Drowsiness
Carbon monoxide toxicity - THPNCV
When levels of carbon monoxide in the blood and tissues rise above normal values caused by carbon monoxide in a diver’s gas supply
Notes: - Carbon monoxide can be added to a tank through the bower hose sucking in exhaust fumes in the air - Take note of wind while filling tanks and point the hose away to avoid any exhaust fumes from being added
Tiny- Tightness across forehead
Hunters- Headache
Practice- Pounding at temples
Ninja- Nausea
Chicken- Confusion
Voodoo- Vomiting
Nitrogen Narcosis - CLASI (Classy)
A disorder caused by breathing nitrogen under pressure
Notes: - Onsets at 100-110ft - Effects immediately subside as you accent
C- Confusion
L- Lack of concern for safety
A- Apparent stupidity
S- Sense of well being
I- Impaired judgment
Squeeze - GRAVE
Barotrauma caused when the pressure inside an enclosed space is different from the pressure outside the space.
Notes: - Reverse squeeze on accent - Squeeze on decent - Middle ear squeeze (blocked ear canal) - Sinus squeeze (blocked sinuses) - Tooth squeeze (cracked fillings) - External ear squeeze (hood or ear plugs) - Thoracic (lung) squeeze (breath hold dives) - Face or body squeeze (mask or wetsuit)
G- Gas filled space
R- Ridged walls
A- Ambiant pressure change
V- Vascular penetration
E- Enclosed space
POIS
Pulmonary overinflation syndromes are a group of barotrauma diseases caused by the expansion of gas trapped in the lung during ascent (reverse squeeze) or over pressurization of the lung with subsequent overexpansion and rupture of the alveolar air sacs.
Arterial gas embolism
AGEs are caused by entry of gas bubbles into the arterial circulation
Notes: - Same symptoms as Type II DCS
- Symptoms occur within 10 minutes of surfacing
- If bubbles block blood flow to brain or heart it can lead to a stroke or death
- Drooping one side of face
- Melting face
Pneumothorax - I SLAWS
Air trapped in the pleural space between the lung and the chest wall.
Notes: - Simple pneumothorax (one time release of air)
- Tension pneumothorax (constant release of air acting as a one way valve each time you breathe)
I- Increased heart rate
S- Sudden sharp chest pain
L- Labored breathing
A- Anxiety
W- Weak pulse
S- Shortness of breath
Mediastinal Emphysema - STPPC
When gas is forced through torn lung tissue into the loose mediastinal tissues in the middle of the chest surrounding the heart, trachea, and the major blood vessels
S- Substernal chest pain, discomfort
T- Tightness or dull ache in chest
P- Pain radiating to shoulder or upper back
P- Pain swallowing
C- Coughing
Subcutaneous Emphysema - FCDR
When gas moves from the mediastinal tissue into the subcutaneous tissues of the neck.
Notes: - Trachea shifting to the side of neck - You’ll hear crackling in neck - Mediastinal emphysema is a prerequisite for subcutaneous emphysema
Fat- Fullness in throat
Children- Change in voice
Don’t- Difficulty swallowing
Run- Rice Krispies (Crepitus)
Shock - DRPLN3C
A critical condition brought on by the sudden drop in blood flow through the body.
Notes: - A result from trauma, blood loss, heatstroke, or other causes - Organs aren’t getting enough blood flow or oxygen
D- Decrease in blood pressure
R- Rapid, weak pulse
P- Profuse sweating
L- Light headed
N- Nausea
C- Cyanosis
C- Confusion
C- Clammy skin
Minimum Equipment (8)
Tanks
BC
Pressure gauge
Depth gauge
Mask
Knife
Fins
Watch
Minimum manning for a dive side?
Diver Diver 1
Standby Diver 2
Dive Sup or Standby
Tender Dive Sup
Chamber Requirements
Level I - 5 minutes
Level II - 1 hour
Level III - 6 hours
Charging Rate
200 dry / 400 wet
Describe the regulator
First Stage - Reduces high-pressure air from the cylinder to an intermediate pressure (also called overbottom pressure) that is a predetermined
level over ambient pressure.
Second Stage - Reduces the intermediate pressure from the first stage regulator.
Buddy Line
6-10 feet
Lost diver circling line
25 feet
Lost diver buoy diameter
11 inches
What comes in the lost diver kit?
Clump
Line. (Length sufficient for depth of water)
Buoy (11” minimum diameter)
Circling line. (25’ minimum length.)
What are the 4 EP’s
- Lost diver
- Trapped diver
- Loss of air
- Unconscious diver
What is the DRA
Deliberate risk assessment
Where does the sailing list get posted?
N7 and platoon space door
5 phases of a neuro
Mental status
Coordination
Motor skills
Cranial nerves
Sensory
Deep tendon reflex
When do the symptoms of nitrogen narcosis occur
Past 100 feet
When do you not take a diver to the chamber?
Massive bleeding
Near drowning
If a diver misses a decompression stop, what must you do?
Get his bottom time, max depth, and bottle pressure. If he’s good to go then send him back down to pay what he owes
Delay greater than 1 minute, deeper than 50 fsw.
Round up the delay
time to the next whole minute and add it to the bottom time. Recompute the decompression schedule. If no change in schedule is required, continue on the planned decompression. If a change in schedule is required and the new schedule calls for a decompression stop deeper than the diver’s current depth, perform any missed deeper stops at the diver’s current depth. Do not go deeper.
