Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nephrology > Diuretics Lecture PDF > Flashcards

Diuretics Lecture PDF Flashcards

Fuuuuk

1
Q

Diuretics function and major applications (2)

A

Increase output of urine

  • treat hypertesnion
  • mobilize edematous fluid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Diuretics mechanism of action

A

Blockage of Na+ and Cl- reabsorption, which prevents the passive reabsorption of water and causing water and solutes to be retained in the nephron promoting their excretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Drugs whose site of action is early in the nephron have….

As a result they…

A

…opportunity to block greatest amount of solute reabsorption, produce greatest amount of diuresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Loop diuretics work at the…

They are the most…

A

…ascending loop of henle, the most effective diuretics available

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

K+ sparing diuretics work at the…

They are very ___ diuretics because they don’t cause much ____, but can be helpful to reduce ____

A

…distal convoluted tuble and collecting duct

weak, diuresis, hypokalemia?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Furosemide (Lasix) mech of action, where is it excreted?

A

acts at thick ascending limb of loop of henle blocking reabsorption of Na+ and Cl-, preventing passive reabsorption of water

The liver excretes it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Loop diuretics have activity even during…

A

…renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Furosemide (Lasix) length of action for oral and IV

A

Oral - diuresis lasts 8 hours after 1 hour absorption

IV, diuresis lasts for 2 hours within minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Furosemide (Lasix) therapeutic uses (3)

A
  • reserved for rapid mobilization of fluid such as pulmonary edema with congestive heart failure
  • uncontrolled hypertension
  • Electrolyte imbalances
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Furosemide (Lasix) ADR’s (7)

A
  • Dehydration
  • Thrombosis or embolism
  • hypotension
  • ototoxicity
  • hyperglycemia
  • hyperuremia (gouty attack)
  • hyperlipidemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Furosemide (Lasix) can be administered ___ to minimize unfavorable effects

A

Intermittent schedule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Furosemide (Lasix) drug interactions (3)

A
  • Digoxin effects can be potentiated by loss of K+
  • used in combo with aminoglycoside can increase hearing damage
  • K+ sparing diuretics can counterbalance K+ wasting effects therby reducing risks of hypokalemia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Furosemide (Lasix) dosage oral, why is taking it in morning important

A

20 to 80mg/day single dose, administration at night will result in urination all night long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (hydrouracil) drug class, mehc of action

A

Thiazide diuretic,

Blocks reabsoroption of sodium and chloride in early segment of distal convoluted tuble

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (hydrouracil) requires ___ to function, unlike ____

A

Adequate GFR, loop diuretics which can promote fluid loss with significant renal impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (hydrouracil) indications (what is it the DOC for?) (4)

A
  • HTN DOC
  • Edema
  • diabetes insipidus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (hydrouracil) ADR’s (4)

A
  • hypokalemia
  • hyperglycmia
  • hyperlipidemia
  • produces fetal harm and shouldn’t be used during pregnancy
18
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (hydrouracil) is often avaiable with….

A

Fixed dose combo with K+ sparing diuretics

19
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (hydrouracil) oral administration dosage

A

25-50 mg, in the morning!

20
Q

Non-thiazides defnition

A

Chemically different drugs that have similar function to thiazides

21
Q

2 useful responses of K+ sparing diuretics

A

1) moderately increase urine production

2) substantial decrease in potassium excretion

22
Q

Spironolactone (aldactone) mech of action, drug class

A

Blocks action of aldosterone at distal tubule, retention of K+and increased excretion of Na+,
K+ sparing diuretic

23
Q

Spironolactone (aldactone) may take up to ___ to exert effects

A

48 hrs

24
Q

Spironolactone (aldactone) indications (5)

A
  • hypertension
  • edema
  • hepatic cirrhosis
  • heart failure
  • primary aldosteronism
25
Q

Spironolactone (aldactone) ADR’s (2)

A
  • hyperkalemia (never combine with K+ supplements or other K+ diuretics
  • endocrine effects similar to other steroid hormones
26
Q

Elperenone (Inspra) vs Spironolactone (aldactone)

A

Acts like spironolactone, K+ sparing diuretic but has lower affinity for andorgen receptors removing endocrine effects

27
Q

Elperenone (Inspra) ADR

A

hyperkalemia

28
Q

Triamterene (dyrenium) mech of action, drug class

A

Dirsupts Na/K ATPase exchange in distal nephron, a direct inhibitor acting very quickly but only producing minimal diuresis
-K+ sparing diuretic

29
Q

Triamterene (dyrenium) therapeutic uses (2)

A

-used alone or incombo to treat hypertension and edema

30
Q

Osmotic diuretic compound used in medicine

A

-mannitol (used in medicine)

31
Q

Mannitol (osmitrol) mech of action and drug class

A
  • pharmacologically inert
  • creates osmotic force within lumen of nephron,

Osmotic diuretic

32
Q

Mannitol (osmitrol) administration

A

IV injection

33
Q

Mannitol (osmitrol) therapuetic uses (3)

A
  • prophylaxis of renal failure
  • reduciton of inracranial pressure
  • reducjtion intraocular pressure
34
Q

Mannitol (osmitrol) ADR’s (2)

A
  • edema by pulling water into interstitial spaces

- can precipiptate congestive heart failure

35
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide (diamox)) function

A

Sulfonamide without antibacterial activity, primarily used for other pharmacologic actions such as treatment of glaucoma rather than diuretic effect because much less effacious than thiazides or loop diuretics

36
Q

acetazolamide (diamox)) mehc of action

A
  • Inhibitss carbonic anhydrase located intracelluarly on apical membrane of proximal convoluted tubular epithelium
  • HCO3- is retained in lumen resulting in marked elevation of urinary pH - loss of HCO3- causes hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and decreased diuretic efficacy after several days of therapy
37
Q

acetazolamide (diamox) therapeutic uses (3)

A
  • Glaucoma
  • mountain sickness
  • edema rarely used
38
Q

acetazolamide (diamox) ADR’s (4)

A
  • metabolic acidosis
  • hypokalemia
  • renal stone formation
  • drowsiness and parasthesias
39
Q

(T/F) Loop diuretics can be used with caution in pregnancy

A

true

40
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (hydrouracil) drug interactions (3)

A
  • digoxin
  • antihypertensive drugs
  • lithium

Nephrology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions