Diuretics & ADH Flashcards
What is the mechanism for loop diuretics? Where do they work in the kidney?
Block Na, K, 2 Cl (NKCC) transport in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
What are two Loop diuretics you need to know?
- Furosemide
- Bumetanide
What do loop diuretics do to the urine?
Dramatically increase Na+, K+ and water excretion
What is the mechanism of Thiazide diuretics?
Block NaCl transport in the distal convoluted tubule
What Thiazide diuretics do you need to know?
Chlorthalidone
Hydrochlorthiazide
Metalozone
How to Thiazide diuretics compare to loop diuretics?
Result in milder increase in Na and K excretion than loop diuretics
What are the three K+ sparing diuretics you need to know?
- Spironolactone (& Eplerenone)
2. Amiloride & Triamterene
How do K+ sparing diuretics compare to other diuretics?
They are mild diuretics, primarily preventing excessive K+ wasting.
What is the mechanism of Spironolactone?
Blocks aldosterone receptors –> Inhibits reabsorption of Na+ and water
What is the mechanism of Amiloride & Triamterene?
Blocks Na+ exchange for K+ and H+ (actually Enac in distal convoluted tubule - Enac allows Na+ to flow in)
What is the mechanism for Antidiuretic Hormone & Desmopressin?
Inc. aquaporin channels in collecting duct –> allows for concentration of urine
What osmotic diuretic do you need to know?
Mannitol
What is the mechanism of mannitol?
It exerts an osmotic effect in the proximal tubule to reduce water reabsorption.
What is Canigliflozine?
An SGLT-2 inhibitor
What is the effect of an SGLT-2 inhibitor?
Reduces glucose reabsorption
What carbonic anhydrase inhibitor do you need to know?
Acetazolamide
What is the mechanism of acetazolamide?
Blocks reabsorptive process in the proximal tubule but the major utility of acetazolamide-like drugs is in glaucoma or excess CSF production
What is AMMONIUM CHLORIDE used for?
Acidify urine
What pathologies is acetazolamide most often used for?
Glaucoma or excess cerebrospinal fluid production
What is Probenicid and Sulfinpyrazone used for?
Suppress urate reabsorption in the proximal tubule to treat gout.
What is allopurinol used for?
Suppresses uric acid formation
What is colchicine used for?
It’s an effective treatment for gout
