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CRRAB II Week 2 > Diuretics & ADH > Flashcards

Diuretics & ADH Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism for loop diuretics? Where do they work in the kidney?

A

Block Na, K, 2 Cl (NKCC) transport in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle

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2
Q

What are two Loop diuretics you need to know?

A
  • Furosemide

- Bumetanide

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3
Q

What do loop diuretics do to the urine?

A

Dramatically increase Na+, K+ and water excretion

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of Thiazide diuretics?

A

Block NaCl transport in the distal convoluted tubule

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5
Q

What Thiazide diuretics do you need to know?

A

Chlorthalidone
Hydrochlorthiazide
Metalozone

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6
Q

How to Thiazide diuretics compare to loop diuretics?

A

Result in milder increase in Na and K excretion than loop diuretics

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7
Q

What are the three K+ sparing diuretics you need to know?

A
  1. Spironolactone (& Eplerenone)

2. Amiloride & Triamterene

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8
Q

How do K+ sparing diuretics compare to other diuretics?

A

They are mild diuretics, primarily preventing excessive K+ wasting.

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of Spironolactone?

A

Blocks aldosterone receptors –> Inhibits reabsorption of Na+ and water

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10
Q

What is the mechanism of Amiloride & Triamterene?

A

Blocks Na+ exchange for K+ and H+ (actually Enac in distal convoluted tubule - Enac allows Na+ to flow in)

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11
Q

What is the mechanism for Antidiuretic Hormone & Desmopressin?

A

Inc. aquaporin channels in collecting duct –> allows for concentration of urine

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12
Q

What osmotic diuretic do you need to know?

A

Mannitol

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13
Q

What is the mechanism of mannitol?

A

It exerts an osmotic effect in the proximal tubule to reduce water reabsorption.

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14
Q

What is Canigliflozine?

A

An SGLT-2 inhibitor

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15
Q

What is the effect of an SGLT-2 inhibitor?

A

Reduces glucose reabsorption

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16
Q

What carbonic anhydrase inhibitor do you need to know?

A

Acetazolamide

17
Q

What is the mechanism of acetazolamide?

A

Blocks reabsorptive process in the proximal tubule but the major utility of acetazolamide-like drugs is in glaucoma or excess CSF production

18
Q

What is AMMONIUM CHLORIDE used for?

A

Acidify urine

19
Q

What pathologies is acetazolamide most often used for?

A

Glaucoma or excess cerebrospinal fluid production

20
Q

What is Probenicid and Sulfinpyrazone used for?

A

Suppress urate reabsorption in the proximal tubule to treat gout.

21
Q

What is allopurinol used for?

A

Suppresses uric acid formation

22
Q

What is colchicine used for?

A

It’s an effective treatment for gout

CRRAB II Week 2 (8 decks)

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