Diuretics

Question 1

Name 2 potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 1

Amiloride
Spironolactone
Eplerenone

Question 2

MoA of potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 2

Inhibits the Na+/K+ exchanger in the cortical collecting ducts
OR
competitive antagonist of the aldosterone receptor in the distal tubule (aldosterone stimulates synthesis of the Na+/K+ exchanger and the 3Na/2K+ exchanger)

both increase Na+ and water excretion and decrease K+ excretion

Question 3

MoA of loop diuretics

Answer 3

Inhibits the Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC) in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, reducing the reabsorption of NaCl. There are two variants of NKCC; loop diuretics act on NKCC2, which is more prevalent in the kidneys.

Question 4

Name 2 loop diuretics

Answer 4

furosemide

bumetanide

Question 5

diuresis is

Answer 5

increased urine production

Question 6

naturesis is

Answer 6

excretion of sodium in the urine

Question 7

MoA of thiazide diuretics

Answer 7

Inhibit the Na/Cl transporter in the DCT

Question 8

what do diuretics do

Answer 8

decrease sodium reabsorption > so increase Na and water excretion
“DIURETICS DECREASE”

Question 9

Name 2 thiazide diuretics

Answer 9

bendrofluazide, hydrochlorothiazide

Question 10

Where in the nephron do thiazide diuretics act?

Answer 10

distal convoluted tubule

Question 11

Where in the nephron do potassium sparing diuretics act?

Answer 11

collecting duct

Question 12

Where in the nephron do loop diuretics act?

Answer 12

thick ascending limb of henle

Question 13

How do thiazide diuretics cause hypokalemia?

Answer 13

increased sodium delivery to the distal tubule where it can be exchanged for potassium increases potassium loss in urine

Question 14

Common side-effects of potassium sparing diuretics

Answer 14

Hyperkalemia (->weakness, arrhythmia, cardiac arrest)
Liver impairment
Jaundice
Steven-Johnson Syndrome 
Spironolactone causes gynaecomastia