Diuretics Flashcards
1
Q
Thiazide/Thiazide-like
A
- Hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone
- MOA: Blocks Na+/Cl- transporter in distal tubule - prevents Na+ absorption
- Decreases CO by decreasing BV due to Na+/H2O excretion
- FIRST LINE for uncomplicated HTN
- Can also use for mild edema with heart failure and with loop diuretic with edema from heart failure
2
Q
Thiazide SE
A
- ALL cause hypokalemia
- Hyponatremia
- Hyperglycemia
- Hyperuricemia
3
Q
How Thiazide diuretics cause hypokalemia…
A
- From increase in delivery of Na+ to collection duct
- Some Na+ exchanged for K+ causing its excretion and therefore wasting
4
Q
Thiazide Symptoms
A
- Muscle cramps, weakness, fatigue
- Severe dizziness
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Exacerbate gout
5
Q
Potassium Sparing Diuretic Types
A
- Sodium Channel Inhibitors
- Mineralocorticosteroid (MR) antagonists
6
Q
Sodium Channel Inhibitors
A
- Triamterene
- Prevent K+ wasting
- MOA: block Na+ channel in collecting duct - prevents Na+ reabsorption and excretion of K+
- Can also be used for Hypokalemia
- SE: Hyperkalemia
7
Q
Hypo/Hyperkalemia Symptoms
A
- Weakness
- Fatigue
- Muscle cramps
Same for each
8
Q
Mineralocorticosteroid (MR) Antagonists
A
- Spironolactone (Aldactone)
- Prevent K+ wasting and treat HTN
- MOA: complete with aldosterone in collecting duct - decreases Na+ absorption and increases K+ retention
- Decreases CO by decreasing BV by causing NA+/H2O excretion
- FIRST LINE for resistant HTN (used fourth)
9
Q
Resistant HTN
A
Not controlled by combination of 3 drugs from different classes at maximal doses, including a diuretic.
10
Q
MR Antagonist SE
A
-Hyperkalemia
Spironolactone ONLY
- Menstrual irregularities
- Breast Pain
- Gynecomastia
11
Q
K+ Sparing Other Uses
A
- Heart failure
- Primary hyperaldosteronism
- Liver cirrhosis
12
Q
Loop Diuretic
A
- Furosemide (Lasix)
- Blocks Na+/K+/Cl- reabsorption in thick, ascending loop of Henle
- Causes profound increase of natriuresis and diuresis
- LAST RESORT for resistant hypertension
